Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie,
l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile
Approach in the agroindustry water management:
a case study
Roberto Farina
[email protected]
Unità Tecnica Modelli, Metodi e Tecnologie per le Valutazioni Ambientali
Laboratorio Protezione della Risorsa Idrica, via Martiri di Monte Sole, 4 - 40129 Bologna
Water use in industry
• Cleaning- washing
• Transport
– Material
– Heat
• Dilution
• Cooking
• Product component
Water use in industry:
quality
• Legislation refer only at:
– Discharge in the environment
– Safety for the workers and products
– Quality, just for the agroindustry
Water use in industry:
quantity
• Legislation refer only at:
– IPPC directive
– Local legislation
– Local agreements with public authorities
Industry considered
• Fruit industry with production of
– Clear juice fruit
– Concentrates juice fruits
– Flavors
– Desiccated fruit
– Fourth range fruit
Industry considered
• Use of water
– Washing of fruit
– Cleaning of machinery
– Steam production
• Quantity of water discharged 480mc/d
Wastewater cycle
BIOGAS
Toilette
Acque di pioggia
Fanghi a digestione
Reflui
PRODUZIONE
FILTRO ANAEROBICO
EQUALIZZATORE
Effluente
AREA DI RINATURALIZZAZIONE
Aria
Riciclo Fanghi
SEDIMENTATORE
Canale di scarico reflui
VASCHE A FANGHI ATTIVI
Characteristics of the wastewater tested
Refluo 1
Refluo 2
Refluo liquido 3
Bucce
refluo 3
COD totale mg/l
4970
3330
3550
COD disciolto mg/l
4020
2180
2230
Solidi Totali g/kg
4.5
3.45
3.93
250
Solidi Volatili g/kg
3.03
2.07
2.71
246
Soldi sospesi tot g/l
2.45
0.61
1.9
Solidi sospesi vol g/l
1.126
0.5
1.3
Azoto ammoniacale
mg/l
13
25.6
14
Azoto totale mg/l
14
67.4
57
1600 g/kg
pH
4.2
4.8
4.6
3.7
Biomethanation test
Produzione specifica refluo 3
Specific Production : 0.34 l CH4/g COD
23 days
0,5
0,45
0,4
0,35
0,3
0,25
0,2
0,15
0,1
0,05
0
03/01/2010
01/01/2010
30/12/2009
28/12/2009
26/12/2009
24/12/2009
22/12/2009
20/12/2009
18/12/2009
16/12/2009
Lgas/gSV
14/12/2009
0,4
0,35
0,3
0,25
0,2
0,15
0,1
0,05
0
L CH4 / gSV
17 days
14
/0
1/
20
10
16
/0
1/
20
10
18
/0
1/
20
10
20
/0
1/
20
10
22
/0
1/
20
10
24
/0
1/
20
10
26
/0
1/
20
10
28
/0
1/
20
10
30
/0
1/
20
10
01
/0
2/
20
10
L CH4/ g COD
Produzione specifica refluo 2
Test BMP peelings
05/01/2010
Test BMP effluent 2
Specific Production: 0.43 l CH4/g SV
Continues flow UASB reactor
SEPARATOR GLS
RICIRCOLO
FEEDING POINT
Effluent 2 after UASB treatment
PARAMETRO
COD disciolto
VALORE PARAMETRO
240 mg/l
Solidi Totali
1,025 g/kg
Solidi Volatili
0,127 g/kg
Solidi Sospesi Totali
0,09 mg/l
Solidi Sospesi Volatili
0,05 mg/l
Azoto Ammoniacale
15,7 mg/l
Azoto Totale
16,8 mg/l
pH
Performances:
Organic load removal : 92.8 %
Total solids removal: 70 %
Biogas quality: 89 % CH4
7,3
Effluent 3 after UASB treatment feed batch
PARAMETRO
VALORE PARAMETRO
COD
270 mg/l
Solidi Totali
2.1 g/kg
Solidi Volatili
1.3 g/kg
Solidi sospesi totali
0.09 g/l
Solidi sospesi volatili
0.07 g/l
Azoto ammoniacale
Azoto totale
Performances:
Organic load removal: 96 %
Total solids removal: 49 %
Biogas quality: 77 %
12.8 mg/l
35 mg/l
Effluent 3 after mesophilic UASB
treatment feed batch
PARAMETRO
VALORE PARAMETRO
COD
110 mg/l
Solidi Totali
1.89 g/kg
Solidi Volatili
0.84 g/kg
Solidi Sospesi Totali
0.09 g/l
Solidi sospesi Volatili
0.09 g/l
Azoto ammoniacale
26 mg/l
Azoto totale
30 mg/l
pH
Performances:
Organic load removal: 98 %
Total solids removal: 45 %
Biogas Quality: 85 % CH4
7
New waste water cycle
peeling
BIOGAS
Toilette
Acque di pioggia
Concentrated
wastewaters
PRODUZIONE
Fanghi a digestione
FILTRO ANAEROBICO
EQUALIZZATORE
Diluted
wastewaters
Effluente
influ e nte
a lim e n ta z io n e
a tte s a
AREA DI RINATURALIZZAZIONE
re a zio n e
sc a ric o
e fflue nte
sc a ric o
fa ng o
s c a rico
Canale di scarico reflui
s e d im e n ta z io n e
Why and SBR reactor
SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactors) activated sludge
discontinuous biological treatment systems.
Possibility to have in one basin all the different phases of a
biological process (organic matter and nitrogen removal,
sludge sedimentation) in different moments, not in different
basins.
influ e nte
The 4 different phases of an
SBR are:
Feeding
Reaction
Sedimentation
Discharge
all the different phases can
variate according with the
characteristics of the
wastewater quality and quantity
and according with the effluent
characteristics.
a lim e n ta z io n e
a tte s a
re a zio n e
sc a ric o
e fflue nte
sc a ric o
fa ng o
s c a rico
s e d im e n ta z io n e
Adavantages of the SBR technology
 Management flexibility according with the possibility to
change the duration of the different phases;
 Simplification of the plant engineering;
 Higher flexibility to organic and hidraulic loading changes;
 Improving the sedimentability characteristics of the sludge
according with the selection of the biomass;
 Possibility/necessity of a complete automation of the
process
 Possibility to reduce the aeration cost
Conclusions
 Not always it is necessary to apply new technologies to improve the
wastewater treatment in an industry.
 Segregation of effluents allow to reduce process volumes and provide
better wastewater characteristics for each specific treatment.
Segregation of effluents allow the reuse of wastewaters even without
treatment