CONDITIONALS
=FRASI IPOTETICHE
ZERO CONDITIONAL
If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.
If babies are hungry, they cry.
Frase subordinata
SIMPLE
PRESENT
Frase principale
SIMPLE
PRESENT
si usa per parlare di cose che sono
sempre vere - fatti scientifici, verità
generali, ecc.
FIRST CONDITIONAL
Se studierai, passerai l’esame facilmente.
If you will study, you will pass the exam easily. NO!
If you study, you will pass the exam easily.
Frase subordinata
SIMPLE
PRESENT
Frase principale
WILL +
VERB
You will pass the exam easily if you study.
si usa per parlare di ipotesi che si
possono verificare nel futuro.
Se sarò in Italia la prossima settimana, ti telefonerò.
If I am in Italy next week, I will call you.
Mary perderà il treno se non correrà.
Mary will miss the train if she doesn’t run.
Non incontrerai Joe se andrai in discoteca sabato.
You won’t meet Joe if you go to the club on Saturday.
Non andrò al concerto se non trovo un biglietto.
I won’t go to the concert if I don’t find a ticket.
Anche nelle frasi introdotte da:
UNLESS
(=a meno che non, se non)
(=quando)
WHEN
IN CASE
(=se per caso)
PROVIDED (THAT)
(=ammesso che, a patto che)
AS LONG AS
Frase subordinata
Frase principale
SIMPLE
PRESENT
WILL +
VERB
Unless you are very lucky, you will never win anything at the
slot machines.
A meno che tu non sia molto fortunato, non vincerai mai nulla alle
slot machine.
When you
study (study), you will pass
We won’t swim
(pass) the test.
(not swim) unless the weather gets (get) better.
Where will Tom go
(Tom / go) next summer if he doesn’t go
(not go) to Scotland with his parents?
I won’t come
(not come) with you unless you bring (bring) Neil!
I ‘ll bring (bring) some snacks in case restaurants are
(be) closed.
‘ll go
I
the time.
(not talk) all
(go) with her provided she doesn’t talk
SECOND CONDITIONAL
improbabile
Se vincessi alla lotteria, comprerei una Porsche.
If I won the lottery, I would buy a Porsche.
Se fossi alto 2 metri, giocherei a basket. impossibile
If I was 2 metres tall, I would play basketball.
Frase subordinata
SIMPLE
PAST
Frase principale
WOULD +
BASE FORM
si usa per parlare di situazioni IMPROBABILI
o IMPOSSIBILI nel PRESENTE o nel FUTURO.
Con il verbo essere (TO BE) abbiamo due possibilità:
If I was
If you were
If he / she / it was
If we were
If you were
If they were
If I were
If you were
If he / she / it were
If we were
If you were
If they were
WOULD è UN VERBO MODALE
I would buy
You would buy
I’d buy
You’d buy
He / She / It would buy
We would buy
He / She / It’d buy
We’d buy
You’d buy
They’d buy
You would buy
They would buy
I would not buy
You would not buy
He / She / It would not buy
We would not buy
You would not buy
They would not buy
I wouldn’t buy
You wouldn’t buy
He / She / It wouldn’t buy
We wouldn’t buy
You wouldn’t buy
They wouldn’t buy
Would I buy?
Would you buy?
Would he / she / it buy?
Would we buy?
Would you buy?
Would they buy?
If we (live)
lived
If Peter and Jim
team.
in Rome, Paola
were
would visit
(visit) us.
(be) older, they would play
(play) in our
If he was / were
my birthday.
(be) my friend, I would invite
Jason would be
harder.
(be) better at school if he studied
(study)
(earn) more money, they wouldn’t live (not live) in
If they earned
that flat.
If I didn’t speak
have) this job.
What (you / do)
euro?
(invite) him to
(not speak) English, I wouldn’t have
would you do
if you won
(not
(win) 1,000,000
THIRD CONDITIONAL
Se avessi studiato di più, avrei passato l’esame.
If I had studied more, I would have passed the exam.
Se fosse piovuto, saremmo rimasti a casa.
If it had rained, we would have stayed at home.
Frase subordinata
PAST
PERFECT
Frase principale
WOULD + HAVE +
PAST PARTICIPLE
Si usa per parlare di situazioni IRREALIZZABILI
perché riferite al PASSATO. Si usa spesso per
esprimere RIMPIANTI.
I would have passed
You would have passed
He / She / It would have passed
We would have passed
You would have passed
They would have passed
I’d have passed
You’d have passed
He / She / It’d have passed
We’d have passed
You’d have passed
They’d have passed
I would not have passed
You would not have passed
He / She / It would not have passed
We would not have passed
You would not have passed
They would not have passed
I wouldn’t have passed
You wouldn’t have passed
He / She / It wouldn’t have passed
We wouldn’t have passed
You wouldn’t have passed
They wouldn’t have passed
Would I have passed?
Would you have passed?
Would he / she / it have passed?
Would we have passed?
Would you have passed?
Would they have passed?
If the weather (be) had been
(play) football.
nice, they would have played
If we (go) had gone to a good restaurant, we wouldn’t have had
(not have) a terrible dinner like this.
The boys would have arrived
(take) the bus.
(arrive) on time if they had taken
If the teacher had explained (explain) the homework,
I would have done
(do) it.
They would have seen
(see) the pop star if they had waited
(wait) for another 10 minutes.
If the police had come (come) earlier, the burglar wouldn’t have
run
(not run) away.
If I had invited
to the party?
(invite) you, would you have come
Claire would have understood (understand) him if he
hadn’t spoken (not speak) so fast.
(you/come)
SECOND CONDITIONAL
Completa la seconda frase in modo che abbia un significato
simile alla prima. Usa il SECOND CONDITIONAL.
1. I’m always late. That’s why my boss gets angry.
2. If I wasn’t / weren’t always late, my boss wouldn’t get
angry.
1. Jim has a bike so he doesn’t have to walk to school.
2. If Jim
school.
didn’t have a bike, he would have to walk
to
1. Sara wants to go to Paris, but she doesn’t have time.
2. If Sara had time, she would go
to Paris.
THIRD CONDITIONAL
Completa la seconda frase in modo che abbia un significato
simile alla prima. Usa il THIRD CONDITIONAL.
1. Tim didn’t leave at 8 a.m. so he missed his train.
2. If Tim had left at 8 a.m., he wouldn’t have missed
train.
1. It wasn’t warm so we didn’t have a picnic.
2. If it had been warm, we would have had
a picnic.
1. I didn’t notice Sally. That’s why I didn’t say hello.
2. If I had noticed Sally, I would have said hello.
his