The future
Present
Continuous
Will-future
Going to
Simple Present
Present Continuous
Si usa per parlare di arrangements,
cioè di azioni programmate che si
svolgeranno (nel futuro) in un luogo
e/o momento preciso e prestabilito.
He’s staying in Berlin on Friday night.
I’m starting a new job next week.
Will-future
 Si usa per parlare di predictions, cioè per dire
ciò che pensiamo, prevediamo, sappiamo sul
futuro.
Si tratta di previsioni del tutto personali, cioè non necessariamente
supportate da fattori esterni.
I think it will snow tomorrow.
 Si
usa
per
parlare
di
azioni
non
predeterminate, ma decise e immediatamente
mese in atto dal soggetto.
What a nice hat! I’ll buy it for my sister.
Will-future
 Si usa per:
 offrirsi di fare qlco:
I’ll give you a hand
 accettare/rifiutare di fare qlco:
‘I need some money’ ‘Ok, I’ll lend you some’
 promettere qlco:
Ok, I really will stop smoking
 fare una richiesta cortese:
Will you open the window, please?
 Si usa nella main clause del 1st conditional:
If I find your wallet, I’ll phone you.
Will-future (form)
AFFERMATIVA
INTERROGATIVA
NEGATIVA
I will+forma base
You will
He will
She will
It will
We will
You will
They will
Will I +forma base?
Will you?
Will he?
Will she?
Will It?
Will We?
Will you?
Will they?
I will not + f. base
You will not
He will not
She will not
It will not
We will not
You will not
They will not
I’ll + forma base
I won’t + f. base
3-3 FORMS WITH WILL
‘
‘
CONTRACTIONS
‘
I + will
she + will
he + will
wewe’ll
+ will
you’ll
you
+ will
they’ll
they
+ will
pronouns + will
in speech & formal writing
3-3 LET'S PRACTICE
CONTRACTION?
she will
______
She’ll get married in an hour.
3-3 FORMS WITH WILL
Dinner will be ready in one hour.
10-6 FUTURE TIME: USING WILL
STATEMENT
(c) CORRECT: Jane will see a movie.
INCORRECT: Jane will sees a movie.
?
INCORRECT: Jane wills see a movie.
?
10
10-6 FUTURE TIME: USING WILL
STATEMENT
(d) CORRECT: Jane will come today.
INCORRECT: Jane will comes today.
?
11
10-6 FUTURE TIME: USING WILL
STATEMENT
(e) CORRECT: Jane will eat breakfast.
INCORRECT: Jane will to eat breakfast.?
12
10-6 FUTURE TIME: USING WILL
STATEMENT
(g) Amy
will not be at work tomorrow.
(h) Amy won’t be at work tomorrow.
+ not
will won’t
13
10-7 ASKING QUESTIONS WITH WILL
Will Tom come home tomorrow?
14
10-7 ASKING QUESTIONS WITH WILL
QUESTION
MAIN
WILL + SUBJECT + VERB
(b) Will
they
go
home later ?
ANSWER
Yes, they will.
No, they won’t.
15
10-7 Let’s Practice
When will you graduate
______________________?
I will graduate
in June.
16
10-7 Let’s Practice
Where will you live after college
_____________________________?
I will live in
Buenos Aires
after college.
17
10-7 Let’s Practice
Will we go out for lunch
_____________________?
Yes, we will go
out for lunch.
18
3-4 SURENESS ABOUT THE FUTURE
The Ortegas will probably move into
their new home next week.
3-4 SURENESS ABOUT THE FUTURE
(a) I will finish my homework tonight.
100% sure
will
sure,
fact
3-4 SURENESS ABOUT THE FUTURE
(b) Alex will probably finish his homework.
90% sure
helping verb
probably
3-4 LET'S PRACTICE
HOW SURE?
100%
90%
50%
I will make spaghetti for dinner.
3-4 LET'S PRACTICE
HOW SURE?
100%
90%
50%
I will probably finish my homework.
3-4 LET'S PRACTICE
100%
90%
50%
HOW SURE?
Maybe it will snow again tomorrow.
It may snow tomorrow
3-4 SURENESS ABOUT THE FUTURE
(d) Lee may quit his job.
Lee may not quit his job.
50% sure
speaker
is
guessing
3-4 LET'S PRACTICE
HOW SURE?
100%
90%
40%
I am not sure,
It might snow again tomorrow.
40% sure
10-3 WORDS USED FOR PAST TIME AND FUTURE TIME
It’ll be a
nice day tomorrow.
27
10-3 WORDS USED FOR PAST TIME AND FUTURE TIME
PAST
FUTURE
yesterday
tomorrow
It snowed
yesterday.
It’s going to snow
tomorrow.
28
10-3 WORDS USED FOR PAST TIME AND FUTURE TIME
PAST
FUTURE
yesterday morning
yesterday evening
last night
tomorrow morning
tomorrow evening
tomorrow night
I went to class
last night.
I’m going to go
to class tomorrow
night.
29
10-3 WORDS USED FOR PAST TIME AND FUTURE TIME
PAST
last week
He went to the
doctor last week.
FUTURE
next week
He’s going to
go to the doctor
next week.
30
10-3 WORDS USED FOR PAST TIME AND FUTURE TIME
last
PAST
month
year
weekend
spring
She went home
last spring.
FUTURE
month
year
next weekend
spring
She’s going to go
home next spring.
31
10-3 WORDS USED FOR PAST TIME AND FUTURE TIME
PAST
... minutes ago
... days ago
... weeks ago
... months ago
... years ago
I washed some
of the dishes ten
minutes ago.
FUTURE
in ... minutes (from now)
in ... days (from now)
in ... weeks (from now)
in ... months (from now)
in ... years (from now)
Jay is going to wash the
rest in five minutes.
32
10-3 Let’s Practice
They are going to arrive ________
next
weekend.
yesterday
last
tomorrow
next
33
10-3 Let’s Practice
They are going to
play cards ________.
tomorrow
yesterday
last
tomorrow
next
34
10-3 Let’s Practice
We went to school ____
last Thursday.
yesterday
last
tomorrow
next
35
10-3 Let’s Practice
We went to see a play
yesterday
in New York ________.
yesterday
last
tomorrow
next
36
10-4 USING A COUPLE OF OR A FEW WITH AGO (PAST)
AND IN (FUTURE)
Sam arrived here a
few months ago.
37
10-4 USING A COUPLE OF OR A FEW WITH AGO (PAST)
AND IN (FUTURE)
(a) Ed visited me one (OR a) year ago.
(b) I am going to be there in five minutes.
(c) She went to the doctor four days ago.
numbers with ago and in
38
10-4 USING A COUPLE OF OR A FEW WITH AGO (PAST)
AND IN (FUTURE)
(d) We saw them a couple of months ago.
(e) He’s going to go home in a couple of
months.
a couple of = two
39
10-4 USING A COUPLE OF OR A FEW WITH AGO (PAST)
AND IN (FUTURE)
(f) They visited me a few weeks ago.
(g) She’s going to have a baby in a few weeks.
a few = a small number
40
10-4 Let’s Practice
ago
in
a couple of hours
They went swimming
__________________.
a couple of hours ago
41
10-4 Let’s Practice
ago
in
a couple of hours
She is going to go dancing
in a couple of hours
__________________.
42
10-4 Let’s Practice
ago
in
a few minutes
The movie is going to
start _____________.
in a few minutes
43
10-4 Let’s Practice
ago
in
six years
They saw each other ___________.
six years ago
44
First conditional
Esistono tre tipi fondamentali di IF-CLAUSES. La scelta di uno dei
tre tipi dipende:
a) dal tempo cui si riferisce la condizione;
b) dal maggiore o minore grado di probabilità che essa ha di
verificarsi.
RICORDA: il periodo ipotetico è formato da una proposizione
principale [MAIN CLAUSE] e da una proposizione secondaria
introdotta da IF [IF-CLAUSE].
1° TIPO (cioè 1st conditional) = possibile o
probabile
IF + PR. SIMPLE
WILL+ INF senza TO
If I have time,
If it rains,
I’ll give you a hand.
I’ll stay at home.
3-6 EXPRESSING THE FUTURE IN TIME CLAUSES AND
IF-CLAUSES
(i) If it snows tomorrow, we’re going to stay
home.
if + subject and verb = an if-clause
Going to
 Si usa per parlare di intentions, cioè
di decisioni già prese.
I’m going to take a holiday next week.
 Si usa per parlare di un’azione che
sta per accadere o è molto probabile
che accada perché ne abbiamo le prove
evidenti.
Rebecca’s going to have a baby.
Going to (form)
FORMA AFFERMATIVA
SOGGETTO
PRES. TO BE
GOING TO
FORMA BASE
She’s going to stop smoking.
FORMA INTERROGATIVA
PRES. TO BE
SOGGETTO
GOING TO
FORMA BASE
Is she going to stop smoking?
FORMA NEGATIVA
SOGGETTO
PRES. NEG TO BE
GOING TO
She isn’t going to stop smoking.
FORMA BASE
Simple Present
(for future)
Si usa per parlare di timetables, cioè di
orari di mezzi di trasporto, orari di
programmi (TV, cinema, teatro) e date.
Our train leaves at 8.10.
This term finishes on 12th March.
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