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1st International Conference on Hydrogen Safety
Pisa, Sept. 8-10 2005
Hydrogen Vehicles
Road-Map in FIAT
Giuseppe Rovera
Centro Ricerche Fiat
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Fuel Cell Vehicles
for Urban Transportation
FCV development in Fiat is focused on urban vehicles:
City Cars and Buses
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BUS
The Fiat Fuel Cell Road Map
II generation FC with
Load-follower powertrain
APU FC
system
Hybrid FC Europolis
FC Cityclass Madrid
III
generation
FC system
Full power
FC system
CITY CARS
FUEL CELL SYSTEM
FC Cityclass Torino
Seicento FC APU
2000
Seicento Hydrogen
2002
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Panda Cell Full Power
2004
Panda fleet
2006
Doblò FC
Years
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Iveco FC Hybrid Cityclass
Performance
• Max Speed
• Gradeability
60 km/h
20%
(@ full load)
• H2Refuelling Time
• Range (urban cycle)
<15 min
12 h
Caratteristiche principali
Vehicle
Load
Total Weight
Powertrain architecture
Batteries
Electric Motor
PEM Fuel Cell System
H2Tank
Cityclass 12 m
72 passengers
19 tonn
Series Hybrid load follower (DC/DC lato FC)
Pb gel (576 Vnom – 50 Ah), or NaNiCl2 (Zebra)
AC asinchronous triphase (160 kW – 1000 Nm)
60 kWmax
9 bottles, total 149 l @ 200 bar
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Fiat Seicento Hydrogen
Program supported by Ministry of Environment
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
4 seats
• Payload
1150 kg
• Curb weight
144 V – 0.9 kWh
• Ni-Me battery
15/30 kW, 123 Nm
• AC Induction Motor
40 kW max
• PEM Fuel Cell System
• Powertrain Architecture Hybrid Full Performance
68 l @ 350 bar
• H2 Tank
VEHICLE PERFORMANCE
•
•
•
•
•
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Acceleration 0-50 km/h
Maximum speed
Gradeability @ full load
Refuelling time
Range (UDC cycle)
<7s
130 km/h
> 20%
< 10 min
220 km
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Toward Hydrogen Mobility
The Fiat Road-Map on Automotive Technologies
NEXT STEP
FUEL CELL VEHICLES FLEETS
(2006-2010)
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The 3d generation FCV: Panda Hydrogen
Program supported by Ministry of Environment
Main Features and Vehicle Performance
Payload
4 seats
Curb Weight
1150 kg
Max Speed
150 km/h
Acceleration Time (0–50 km/h)
7s
Range (Urban Driving Cycle)
> 220 km
Gradeability @ full load
23%
Refuelling time
< 5 min
FC Powertrain
Architecture
Fuel Cell System
Electric Motor
Hydrogen Tank
Full Power FC
Nuvera PEM stacks
AC Induction
68 l, 1.6 kg H2 @ 350 bar
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Fiat Panda Hydrogen
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The EU- Zero Regio Program
FC Vehicles fleet demonstration (2006-2008)
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Project Goal
• Set up and test the Hydrogen
chain for Transportation, from
production to distribution
FRAKFURT
• Verify User Acceptance of Fuel
Cell Vehicles, and functionality
of related infrastructure and
services
• Assess safety, cost issues,
socio-economic and
environmental impact
MANTOVA
CONSORTIUM
Regione Lombardia
Rhein Main
Centro Recerche Fiat
Daimler Chrysler
Eni Technology
City of Mantova
Sapio
JRC, Ispra
IEFE, Bocconi University
Lund University
Roskilde University
Fraport AG
Agip Deutschland GmbH
Infraserv GmbH & Co.
Hoechst KG
Linde AG
Saviko Consultants
TÜV Hessen GmbH
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





System:
Length:
Chassis:
Payload:
Batteries:
Range:
EUROPOLIS FUEL CELLS
series hybrid
7.4 m.
superlow (350 mm.)
> 30 passengers
Ni-Cd / Ni-MeH
> 200 km (hybrid mode)
CRF
60kW Hybrid Fuel Cell
Modular System
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FUEL CELL VEHICLES
planned Fleet Tests (2008-2010)
Milano, Mantova, Arese
• Stazione di produzione
e rifornimento
• 10 Panda Hydrogen
• 2 Europolis FC Hybrid
Torino
• Stazione di rifornimento
• 2 Europolis FC Hybrid
Genova
• Stazione di rifornimento
• Europolis/Panda
Firenze/Siena
• Stazione di
rifornimento
• Europolis/Panda
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Napoli
• Stazione di rifornimento
• Europolis/Panda
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Toward Hydrogen Mobility
The Fiat Road-Map on FCV
IMPROVEMENTS EXPECTED
ON FUEL CELL POWERTRAIN
(2006-2010)
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NEXT STEP: Improving FC Vehicles
(2006-2010)
CRF Research Activities are addressing the following priorities:
•
Fuel Cell tecnologies for improved efficiency (>50%), extended performances
(-30°C--+50°C ambient, 5000 hrs duration) and lower Cost:
- New hydrogen recirculation circuits
- Simplified humidification techniques
- High temperature membrane (>90°C)
- Cooling circuit and materials for low temperature operation (-30°C)
- On board diagnosis for enhanced Safety
- New generation, high-voltage low-cost Stacks with simplified design,
improved catalytic materials and automated assembly
•Standardisation of Components and subsystems for applications both to Cars
and Buses.
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Toward Hydrogen Mobility
The Fiat Road-Map on FCV
HYDROGEN SAFETY
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Hydrogen Vehicles Safety
User Expectations for Hydrogen Vehicles :
• No additional tasks or responsibility during vehicle lifecycle, e.g. refuelling or
maintenance
•No additional costs, including maintenance and repair
•Safety levels equal or better of current vehicles
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HYDROGEN VEHICLES
Safety
Priority Investigation Areas
• H2 Leakage Detection and Recovery during Vehicle Refuelling, Stationary and Dynamic Operation.
• Improved high pressure H2 Storage; integrity status & performance monitoring.
• Crashworthiness of hydrogen components
• Automated Emergency interventions, e.g. Hydrogen discharge in case of crash, fire-explosion risk
• Passive mitigation engineering measures to protect occupants and surroundings from disruptive events
such as explosion and fire
Other Issues
• Electrical shock prevention.
The Approach includes the development of comprehensive sensing,diagnostics and control
technologies, the adoption of engineering based on best practices and consistent experimental data
base, exhaustive test and analysis procedures.
SOLUTIONS MUST BE RELIABLE, SIMPLE AND COST EFFECTIVE
to increase public confidence on Hydrogen safety and reliability
“better than current vehicles”
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1st Intl. Conference on HYDROGEN SAFETY-- Pisa 8/10.09.05