LAUREA MAGISTRALE L.M. 19
INFORMAZIONE, EDITORIA E GIORNALISMO
A.A. 2015/16
LINGUA INGLESE
DOTT. ENRICO GRAZZI
CORSO PROGREDITO (6 CFU)
LESSONS 3-4
Chapter One
Texture and Cohesion
 Componential
cohesive relations
link together small pieces of text (Table
1, p. 22)
 Organic
relations link together
complete messages in the text
(conjunctions)
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1. Grammatical cohesive devices
 Grammatical
words as implicit
encoding devices: pronouns,
demonstratives, definite articles,
comparatives.
 Co-reference: endophoric (anaphoric /
cataphoric)
 Co-classification: ellipsis
(omission/pro-word)
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2. Lexical cohesive devices
 Ties
between lexical or content words
belonging to the same semantic field:
•Repetition
•Synonymy
•Antonymy
•Hyponymy
•Meronymy
•Collocation
•Instantiation
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General nouns
A cohesive mechanism whereby a word is both
grammatical and lexical.
 Label: an expression with a non-specific noun as head
which “requires lexical realization in the immediate
context”. (Francis, 1994)
 Advance / retrospective labels
 A neutral label is given evaluative power by its
modifier (e.g. sobering experience).
 Metalinguistic labels: refer to events in the text.
 Labels which refer to the real world (this last
distinction is not always clear though).

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Organic ties: conjunctions



•
•
•
Conjunctions: and, but, or, since etc.
Conjunctive adjuncts: logico-semantic links indicated
by adverbs or prepositional phrases (e.g. moreover, in
fact, therefore etc.). They indicate: cause and effect,
condition, concession, comparison and contrast.
Three main kinds of conjunctions and logical relations:
elaboration (restatement of given information)
Extension (adds information)
Enhancement (location, extent, manner, cause,
contigency, accompainment, etc.)
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HOMEWORK
 Chapter
1, par. 1/3, pp. 19/32
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