Bank of Pure Isotopes
Ezio Previtali
INFN Sez. Milano
Department of Physics
University of Milano Bicocca
IDEA meeting, Paris 14 April 05
Project activity in the first 18 months
milestones
6 months
12 months
18 months
- Formation of the isotope working
group
- Contacts with Russian labs
- Definition of a program for utilization
of available isotopes
- Selection of new interesting
isotopes and discussion of
enrichment and purification
techniques
- Negotiations for production
of the selected isotopes
- Contact with Russian and
US labs for purification
techniques
deliverables - Report on possibilities of Russian labs
- Report on a recommended program
- First conclusions on isotope selection and purification
- Report on new isotopes
possibly produced in Russia
-Report on purification issues
IDEA meeting, Paris 14 April 05
Activity in the first year
Formation of isotope working group
Ettore Fiorini
University of Milano Bicocca and INFN Sez. Milano
Pietro Benetti
University of Pavia and INFN Sez. Pavia
Carlo Bucci
Gran Sasso Laboratory of INFN
Monica Sisti
University of Milano Bicocca and INFN Sez. Milano
Preliminary collection of existing isotopes:
information from experiments
information from producers
Definition of a possible strategy:
evaluation of experiments that start in few years
double beta decay interesting isotopes
Evaluation of possible enrichement approches:
enrichment facilities in Russia (Vasily Kornoukhov talk)
possible realization of an ICR machine in Europe
IDEA meeting, Paris 14 April 05
General structure for DBD isotopes database
We need to insert in the data base all the possible information:
mass of the isotopes
level of enrichments
production procedures and production laboratories
purification methods used
chemical and physical form
customers of the material
actual experiment that use such isotopes
possible future application
........
We have tried to collect all the information from:
NEMO experiments
IGEX and Heidelberg-Moscow experiments
Milano DBD group
Enriched isotope producers
......
IDEA meeting, Paris 14 April 05
Preliminary collection of data
Isotope
Production Natural
Mass
Abund.
Production Production Production Purificatin
Enrich.
Method
Site
Chemical
Form
Physical
Form
Actual
Mass
Actual
Enrich.
Customers Actual
Exper.
Future
Exper.
238U
232Th
Contam.
Contam.
130Te
1 kg
34 %
94 %
Ultra
Centrifuge
Kurchatov
Recristal.
China
TeO2
Crystals
800 g
TeO2
73 %
INFN
Milano
CUORICI
NO
CUORE
<10-11 g/g
<10-11 g/g
128Te
1 kg
32 %
95 %
Ultra
Centrifuge
Kurchatov
Recristal.
China
TeO2
Crystals
800 g
TeO2
82 %
INFN
Milano
CUORICI
NO
CUORE
<10-11 g/g
<10-11 g/g
136Xe
10 kg
9%
64 %
Ultra
Centrifuge
Oak Ridge
Xe
Gas
10 kg Xe
64 %
INFN
Milano
DAMA
100Mo
9.6 %
Ultra
Centrifuge
Russia
ITEP
Mo
Metal
2.479 kg
100Mo
95 %
NEMO
SNEMO?
<15
mBq/kg
<0.5
mBq/kg
100Mo
9.6 %
Ultra
Centrifuge
Russia
INEEL
Mo
Composite 4.434 kg
100Mo
99 %
NEMO
SNEMO?
<15
mBq/kg
<0.3
mBq/kg
Se
Composite 932 g 82Se 97 %
NEMO
SNEMO?
<25
mBq/kg
<4.0
mBq/kg
Kurchatov
TeO2
Composite 454 g
130Te
89 %
NEMO
SNEMO?
<20
mBq/kg
<4.0
mBq/kg
Distillation
Cd
Metal +
Mylar
93 %
NEMO
SNEMO?
<56
mBq/kg
±7
mBq/kg
Nd2O3
Composite 37 g 150Nd
INR
NEMO
SNEMO?
<66
mBq/kg
<23
mBq/kg
ZrO2
Composite 9.4 g 96Zr
ITEP +
INR
NEMO
SNEMO?
<222
mBq/kg
<27
mBq/kg
CaF2
Composite 7 g 48Ca
NEMO
SNEMO?
<15
mBq/kg
<6
mBq/kg
Ge
HPGe
Diodes
6 kg Ge
86 %
ITEP
IGEX
Gerda
<10-12 g/g
<10-12 g/g
Ge
HPGe
Diodes
11 kg Ge
86 %
Kurchatov
MPI Heid.
Heidelberg Gerda
Moscow
<10-12 g/g
<10-12 g/g
82Se
1 kg
8.7 %
97 %
Ultra
Centrifuge
Russia
130Te
34 %
89 %
Ultra
Centrifuge
Kurchatov
116Cd
7.5 %
93 %
Ultra
Centrifuge
150Nd
5.6 %
91 %
Electro
magnetic
96Zr
2.8 %
57 %
Electro
magnetic
48Ca
0.2 %
73 %
Electro
magnetic
Chemical
76Ge
6 kg
7.4 %
86 %
Ultra
Centrifuge
Kurchatov
76Ge
11 kg
7.4 %
86 %
Ultra
Centrifuge
Kurchatov
Zone
Refining
405 g
116Cd
92 %??
Kurchatov
Other sources of data
Isotopes production in Kurchatov Institute using centrifuge
IGEX
H-M
Gallex/GNO
CUORE
Isotopes production in USA
Theragenics corporation (ICR)
Livermore (AVLIS)
IDEA meeting, Paris 14 April 05
Selection of new and interesting Isotopes
Production resources:
Available techniques for producing Enriched Isotopes
Time needed for production of a definite quantity of material
Cost of the enrichment
Radioactive purity at the end of the enrichment (quality test)
Purification after the enrichment:
Analysis of purification techniques
Procedures for obtaining the final chemical compound
Physical and Chemical analysis on final production
IDEA meeting, Paris 14 April 05
ICR (Ion Cyclotron Resonance) enrichment
ICR general characteristics:
it is possible to enrich (in principle) almost all nucleus
it presents a very high throughput
it is not clear the level of purity of the final material
it presents, at the moment, a low production efficiency
it presents, probably, a lower level of enrichment respect to centrifuge
To realize a big machine:
basic technologies are available
industrial support is probably possible
there is a lot of interest in the plasma physics research
other scientific partners are possible (medicine, chemical analysis, ...)
IDEA meeting, Paris 14 April 05
ICR technique “evolution”
April 2004 (Como):
October 2004 (Milano):
October 2004 (Heidelberg):
December 2004 (Paris):
February 2004 (Prague):
March 2004:
First discussion on ICR enrichment at IDEA
Seminar of P. Louvet (CEA) on ICR
Discussion of possible strategies
Evaluation of possible ICR design study
Meeting at LAL with P. Louvet (Lalanne, Julien, Benetti, ..)
Discussion on CEA for collaboration
Discussion on possible request for DBD experiments
Executive Board decide to have an official CEA contact
Possible design study for 7th EC Framework Program
First paper to CEA containing general indications
We are waiting for some news......
For future:
It is crucial to better define the request of DBD experiments
Evaluation of other enrichment approaches is necessary
We need to prepare a “roadmap”
IDEA meeting, Paris 14 April 05
Possible approach for new productions
Selection of interesting isotopes
Acceptable level of impurity
Definition of processes of enrichment
Quality control of production
Definition of purification processes
Production of final sample
Sensitivity of measurement
Time needed for testing
IDEA meeting, Paris 14 April 05