SPECTROMETER(S) Prospects for a New Neutrino CERN-PS Experiment: Neutrino Experiment with SpectrometerS in Europe Luca Stanco - CdS Padova 1 As a summary of tensions on Neutrino Oscillation business: F.Mills, July 2010 Luca Stanco - CdS Padova 2 Neutrino Oscillation: problem solved? • Neutrino oscillations have established a picture and a large number of experiments consistent with the mixing of three physical neutrino ne,nm and nt with mass eigenstates n1,n2 and n3. • There are however a number of anomalies which, if confirmed, could be due to the presence of an additional, large squared mass difference and of additional neutrinos. • Two distinct classes of anomalies have been observed, namely – apparent disappearance signals: (1) the anti-ne events detected from near-by nuclear reactors and (2) from the from Mega-Curie k-capture calibration sources in the Gallium experiments to detect solar ne – observation for excess signals of ne electrons from neutrinos from particle accelerators (LNSD/MiniBooNE) – and… MINOS (CPT?) Luca Stanco - CdS Padova 3 Anomalies in n mesures at reactors G. Mention et al. arXiv:1101.2755v1 [hep-ex] Experimental results are compared to the prediction without oscillation, taking into account the new spectra, the neutron mean lifetime and the off-equilibrium effects. The averaged ratio is 0.937 ±0.027 Luca Stanco - CdS Padova 4 LSND: Evidence for (nm ne) Excess of events: 87.9 22.4 6.0 Beam related backgrounds Expectation for oscillations Data points after background subtraction Luca Stanco - CdS Padova 5 Putting together LNSD and MiniBooNE F.Mills, ICHEP, July 2010 Plus reactors’ “anomaly”, Gallium “anomaly”, cosmology indications… Luca Stanco - CdS Padova 6 Luca Stanco - CdS Padova 7 A complicated picture ? Sterile neutrino models 3+2 next minimal extension to 3+1 models 2 independent m2 4 mixing parameters 1 Dirac CP phase allowing difference between neutrinos and antineutrinos FROM COSMOLOGY CMB + LSS + ΛCDM Ns= 1.6 ± 0.9 Hamann, Hannestad, Raffelt, Tamborra, Wong, PRL 105 (2010) 181301 Number of sterile neutrinos Luca Stanco - CdS Padova 8 REVIVAL OF THE CERN PS NEUTRINO BEAM Why a New Neutrino Facility ? • The idea for reviving the CERN PS neutrino beam line was triggered by a letter of intent from an experimental collaboration led by C. Rubbia* • Since then a more concrete experimental proposal is being considered • However, it can also be used for other experiments/studies: – Neutrino cross section measurements at very low energies (on and/or off-axis) – Target R&D – Detector studies, etc...... * Memorandum to SPSC, March 9th 2011 Beyond 3 Family Neutrino Oscillations, 4 May 2011 Rende Steerenberg, CERN Switzerland 9 Aim: Investigating the existence of sterile neutrinos through the measurement of νμ → νe oscillations by using a low energy νμ or νμ beam in combination with a close and far liquid argon time projection chamber. What about νμ → νm oscillations ?? Consider for example a 3+2 Sterile Neutrino model by Kopp et al. APPEARANCE nm ne DISAPPEARANCE ne ne DISAPPEARANCE nm nm TO BE FOLDED with the n m , ne , nm , ne BEAM compositions/contaminations and with n and n Luca cross-sections Stanco - CdS Padova ! 10 C. Rubbia et al A search for anomalous neutrino disappearance and oscillatory phenomena at the CERN-PS” •Memorandum to SPSC, March 9th 2011 FAR at PS site NEAR The large number of models (i.e. the lack of conclusive DATA) implies the ABSOLUTE need for a DOUBLE measure: FAR and NEAR to establish what is oscillating and what is not TWO SPECTROMETERS Luca Stanco - CdS Padova 11 Charge and momentum measurements in Neutrino Interactions for the Charge Current mode: important and challenging Important because: • increase the active target mass by measuring the muon momentum • increase the range of m2 (at higher values, especially in the eV2 range) • calibration of the beam with a clean muon measurement at high p • normalization point for the NC/CC rates • clean separation of nu and anti-nu interactions • disentangle the nu and anti-nu reverse contaminations in the beams Challenging because: • find best compromise between passive and active materials Luca Stanco - CdS Padova 12 FAR site * Liquid Argon is the best option as for - backgrounds - energy range - full measure of n interaction The Target coverage must be as large as possible Luca Stanco - CdS Padova 13 GOALS/CAVEATS Perform a DESIGN STUDY for a two-module Detector as - cheap almost no R&D fast fully compatible with the LAr proposal(s) standalone maximizing the physics output Luca Stanco - CdS Padova 14 In conclusion: • “light” spectrometer, e.g. 2.5 cm iron slabs • several detection layers, e.g. 8 layers per arm • as wide as possible, e.g. 2*8 m (w) * 5 m (h) Dipole with B=1.5 Tesla Use RPC detectors ALAOP and Precision Trackers FAR = 2 * NEAR 2m (2 arms) 5m 8m 8m UNDER STUDY !!! Luca Stanco - CdS Padova 15 Possible Physics output: FAR site nm-bar LAr+Spect (Q) nm LAr+Spect (Q) Reconstructed Neutrino Energy Luca Stanco - CdS Padova 16 Actions so far and in the near future MAY: presentations done to Neutrino Conferences ⇒ the physics case well accepted preliminary discussion with INFN mangement ⇒ INFN Giunta OK but no money for the beam discussions with CERN mangement ⇒ READY to pursue the beam project and to pay for the beam JUNE: preliminary discussions with CNII ⇒ go ahead with the study and the setting up of Collaboration SEPTEMBER: evaluation in CNII submission of a Memorandum to CERN-SPSC NEXT: optimize the magnets and the detectors Luca Stanco - CdS Padova 17 CERN position A very exciting physics experiment is proposed for the more than 50 years old CERN PS CERN Research Board meeting of 8 June: Team set up. TT7 and nTOF beam sharing makes efficient use of the CERN PS: The proposed experiment could be completed in 3 to 4 runs without forming any competition for protons with other experiments Shortening possible by dedicated running nTOF would gain also on the number of integrated protons No direct competition for protons between PS and SPS neutrino facilities Large part of the required infrastructure is available, but needs to be consolidated Everything else needs to be designed and constructed The facility can also be (re-)used for other low energy neutrino physics, target R&D, Detector R&D, etc... Luca Stanco - CdS Padova 18 Collaboration Bari: 0.4 FTE/2 Bologna: 1.1/4 Frascati: 0.2/2 Lecce: 0.5/2 Padova: 1.6/7 Roma1: 0.6/3 Salerno: 0.3/2 TOTAL: 4.7 FTE / 22 people In case the DESIGN STUDY will become an EXPERIMENT Be ready to multiple people for about 2 and FTE for about 4 In the near future: expression of interest from - 2 other Italian sites - French groups - Cinese group Luca Stanco - CdS Padova 19 Coinvolgimenti: BARI: Simulazione, Front-End BOLOGNA: Simulazione, Software, DAQ, Disegno, Meccanica FRASCATI: Simulazioni, Disegno, Rivelatori LECCE: Rivelatori, Meccanica, Front-End, DAQ PADOVA: Simulazione, Disegno, DAQ, Meccanica ROMA-1: Simulazione e Software SALERNO: Software e Calcolo Luca Stanco - CdS Padova 20 Gruppo di Padova: R.Bertolin (30%). Responsabile Locale F.Dal Corso (10%) S. Dusini (40%) C.Fanin (10%) M. Laveder (10%) M.Mezzetto (20%) L.Stanco (40%). Responsabile Nazionale Riferimenti nella collaborazione - Alessandro Bertolin: DAQ - Stefano Dusini: Simulazione Detector e DAQ - Marco Laveder: Studio Fisica - Mauro Mezzetto: Studio Fisica e Simulazione - Luca Stanco: Supervisione Costi e Collaborazione Nel 2012 si dovrà ottimizzare la struttura. È mandatory costituire un team multi-site di Ingegneri Meccanici. A Padova si chiedono 6 mesi-uomo di Ingegnere e 6 mesi-uomo di disegnatore Luca Stanco - CdS Padova 21 Richieste finanziarie 2012 (Richieste molto limitate per il prossimo anno) Missioni Interne: 27 K€ (6 a PD) Missioni Estero: 24 K€ (6 a PD) Consumo: 33 K€ (8 a PD) Inventario: 5 K€ (3 a PD) Tot 89 K€, di cui 23 a Padova Richieste ai servizi PADOVA per il 2012: Elettronica: 2 m.u. per consulenza DAQ 2 m.u. per consulenza Front-End Meccanica: 4 mesi uomo prototipizzazione Uffico Tecnico: 6+6 mesi per Struttura meccanica Luca Stanco - CdS Padova 22 Tentative FINANCIAL and TEMPORAL plan for 2013-2017 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 plus possible (minor) non-INFN contributions Luca Stanco - CdS Padova 23 Learn Physics with Nessie Luca Stanco - CdS Padova 24