GALAXY EVOLUTION
OPTICAL AND IR SURVEYS
Lucia Pozzetti
INAF
Osservatorio Astronomico
di Bologna
PEOPLE INVOLVED IN BOLOGNA
INAF-OAB: Bardelli, Cappi, Ciliegi, Gruppioni, Merighi,
Mignoli, Pozzetti, Zamorani, Zucca,
Post-doc: Lanzoni, (McCracken), Pozzi
INAF-IRA: Bondi, Lari, Vettolani, Zanichelli
UniBo: Marano, Gregorini, Post-doc: Bolzonella, 2 students
Funds (>2000):
2 ASI
3 Cofin
k€
30 + 9
53 + 110 + 87
Publications since 1998 (2000)
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Inaf
15.5
79 (64) Refereed + 10 in press
(5 more than 50 citations, 2 more than 100)
~100 (~80) Conference + Invited
CNR
93
GALAXY EVOLUTION
Deep optical to Far-IR surveys
to trace galaxy evolution and formation:
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Star Formation History (SFH)
Epoch of Mass Assembly
High-z galaxies (EROs, LBGs)
Star Formation History
(Madau, Pozzetti, Dickinson 1998)
Stellar Mass Density
(Dickinson et al. 2003)
Expertise:
Data: Optical/Far-IR data & spectral
analysis (e.g. Lari Method for ISO)
Analysis: Luminosity + Mass Function, SFH
Spectral evolutionary models and
Photometric redshift (e.g HyperZ)
Modeling: Hierarchical, PLE, Fundamental Plane
International Commitees (OAB): ESO- panel OPC, TNG-TAC,
ESO Survey working group
Telescopes used: ESO (1.5m,2.2m,3.6m,NTT,VLT); ISO;
CFHT, 2dF, VLA, public: HST, Chandra
MAIN PROJECTS AND SURVEYS
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ELAIS
K20
VVDS
(European Large Area ISO Survey)
(Large Programme VLT: K<20 redshift survey)
(VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey)
THE ELAIS MID-IR SURVEY
European Large Area ISO Survey (P.I. Rowan-Robinson):
the largest Open Time project with ISO satellite (375h):
12 deg2 (8 in the North and 4 in the South)
observed at 15 & 90 m with ISO-CAM & PHOT
ITALIAN COLLABORATORS:
Gruppioni, Ciliegi, Pozzi, Zamorani (INAF-OAB),
Lari (INAF-IRA), Franceschini (UniPd)
LaFranca, Matute (UniRm3)
OTHER COLLABORATORS:
ELAIS Consortium
(9 European institutes, originally, 32 at the moment)
ELAIS-S1 (4 deg2):
Catalogue of 462 source
90% (100%) complete at
2 (3) mJy: 320
extragalactic objects
(Lari, Pozzi, Gruppioni et al.,
2001,MNRAS,325,1173)
Source Counts in the
range 0.5 - 100 mJy:
strong evolution for
starburst galaxies
(Gruppioni, Lari, Pozzi et al.
2002, MNRAS, 335,831)
ELAIS-S1
Photometric IDs (80%
R<23) [12n ESO+1.5m]
Spectroscopic IDs
(75% R<21.5 ~250 objs)
[2dF(2n) + ESO (15n)]
(La Franca, Gruppioni et
al., 2003, AJ, submitt.)
redshift
First derivation of 15-m
Luminosity Function of
Star-forming galaxies:
strong evolution both in
luminosity (1+z)3.5 and
density (1+z)3.8
(Pozzi, Gruppioni et al., 2003,
ApJ, submitted)
K20 REDSHIFT SURVEY
P.I. A. Cimatti (INAF-OAA)
K20 team: Pozzetti, Mignoli, Zamorani (INAF-OAB),
Daddi, Renzini, D’Odorico, Gilmozzi, (ESO)
Fontana, Giallongo, Menci, Poli (OARm),
Saracco (OABr), Cristiani (OATs), Broadhurst (HUJ)
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Large Programme: 17 nights VLT
(MOS with FORS1 & FORS2 + ISAAC)
Ks<20 selected sample: ~550 objects
Area: 52 arcmin^2 on 2 fields (CDFS+Q0055)
UBVRIzJKs multi-band imaging [public + 45h NTT+VLT]
92% redshift completeness
Highest spectroscopic redshift completeness in the NIR
Scientific objectives
Advantages of a K-selected sample:
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Less dust extinction
More sensitive to stellar mass
Objectives:
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To test galaxy evolution models
To search massive old high-z (z>1) ellipticals
(EROs)
To probe the near-IR luminosity function and
stellar mass function up to z~2
o First spectroscopic sample of EROs:
(Cimatti, Daddi et al. 02, Daddi et al. 02) :
31% old ellipticals @ z~1
 age>~3 Gyrs, zform>2
33% dusty starbursts
 20% of SFD @ z~1
excess
o Redshift distribution
(Cimatti, Mignoli et al. 02, Cimatti, Pozzetti
et al. 02):
deficit
Substantial population at high-z
(32% at z>1)
 Underpredicted by
hierarchical models
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Near-IR Luminosity Function up to z~2
(Pozzetti, Cimatti, al. 03) :
 Mild luminosity evolution up to z~1.5
Luminous red ellipticals fully
in place up to z~1.5
excess 
deficit
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Stellar Mass Function up to z~2
(Fontana, Pozzetti, al. 03, submitted) :

deficit 
mild evolution
Slow decrease (~50%) of mass
density up to z~2
Most of current hierarchical merging
models do not match the above results
K20 Follow-up
K20 team + : Lanzoni (INAF-OAB),
Vernet, diSerego Alighieri (OAA),
Fasano, Pignatelli (OAPd), Cassata, Franceschini (UniPd),
Fomalont, Kellerman (NRAO)
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Spectral analysis and evolution (Mignoli et al., Pozzetti et al., in prep.)
X-ray analysis (public Chandra data):
 EROs (Brusa et al. 02), clustering (Gilli et al. 03)
Morphological analysis from GOODS-ACS images
 Luminous starbursts/mergers @z~2-2.5: building blocks of massive
spheroids ? (Daddi et al. 03)
 Morphologies of EROs (Cimatti et al. 03 ): ~40% early, 30%spiral, 30% Irr.
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High resolution spectroscopy (4 nights VLT+FORS2)
 Tully-Fisher (Vernet et al., in prep.),
 Fundamental-Plane (Cimatti et al. , Lanzoni et al. in prep),
 spectral population analysis (Pozzetti et al., in prep)
Radio observations (VLA-1.4 GHz) (Fomalont et al., in prep)
VVDS SURVEY
P.I. Le Fevre (LAM) + Co P.I. Vettolani (INAF-IRA)
consortium: Bardelli, Cappi, Ciliegi, Merighi, Pozzetti,
Zamorani, Zucca,(McCracken) (INAF-OAB),
Bondi, Vettolani, Zanichelli (INAF-IRA),
Marano,Gregorini,Bolzonella,Bongiorno + 2 students (UniBo),
+ INAF-OABr, INAF-IASF, INAF-OANa,
+ LAM (Marsiglia), OMP (Tolosa)
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Area: 4 fields 2x2 deg^2
deep BVRI (CFHT) U (ESO+2.2m) JK (ESO+NTT) imaging
 Multicolor catalog 106 objects (McCracken et al. 03)
GTO Programme: 50 nights VLT+VIMOS
deep survey IAB<24: ~25,000 z, wide IAB<22.5: ~50,000 z
 29
+
nights (21 clear) in 2002  ~21,000 spectra
5 half nights in december 2003
+ deep VLA (~60h at 1.4Ghz) on 1 deg^2 (Bondi, Ciliegi et al. 03)
VVDS is the deepest and largest optical redshift survey
to date to study galaxy evolution up to z~1.5
Complementary to wide local survey, like SDSS and 2dF
in competition with DEIMOS-DEEP2 (P.I. M. Davis) at
Keck
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Evolution of the optical luminosity function and
star formation rate of various types of galaxies
(ellipticals, star-forming galaxies etc.) in various
density environments
Evolution of the clustering properties
High-z galaxies (LBGs, EROs)
Scientific results from the
spectroscopic survey
are still a few months ahead
Future Projects
Legacy Programs in which we are involved:
o SWIRE (Sirtf Wide-area Infrared Extragalactic Survey:
851h SIRTF: P.I. Lonsdale) +
ESO (WFI + VIMOS + 150h SOFI) + ATCA (120h)
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GOODS (The Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey:
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COSMOS
647h SIRTF: P.I. Dickinson) + HST + VLT
(590 orbits HST) + CFHT + Subaru + KPNO +
VLT-VIMOS + XMM + VLA + SIRTF + GALEX +IRAM
Other programs:
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Massive Galaxies at z~2 (4n VIMOS + Subaru, P.I. Renzini)
GMASS (Galaxy Mass Assembly: ESO-LP: 145h FORS2, P.I. Cimatti)
GRAZIE
Provided by Lara