E
vac
f
1
f
2
EF
1
EF
2
Metal-metal contact
E
vac
f
1
f
2
e- e- e- e-
Metal-metal contact
y = f - f
1
2
E
F
+
+
+
+
+
-
Metal-metal contact
E
vac
f
EF
M
f
Si
EC
M
E
FSi
EV
Metal-silicon contact (smaller metal work function)
E
vac
f
f
M
Si
f
Si
e- e- e- eE-C
E
FSi
EV
Metal-silicon contact (smaller metal work function)
f - fM
Si
-
E
F
+
+
+
+
+
Metal-silicon contact (smaller metal work function)
E
vac
f
f
Si
M
EC
E
FSi
EF
M
EV
Metal-silicon contact (larger metal work function)
E
vac
f
f
f
M
Si
Si
EC
E
FSi
EF
M
EV
ee-- - ee
Metal-silicon contact (larger metal work function)
fM- fSi
E
F
+
+
+
+
+
Metal-silicon contact (larger metal work function)
E
vac
f
M
f
Si
EC
EF
E
FSi
M
EV
Metal-silicon contact (equal work functions)