Won Taek Lee, M.D., Ph.D.
History of Neuroanatomy
1. From Ancient Times to Rome
2. Dark Ages and Renaissance
3. Modern Expansions (17th to 19th century)
Gross Anatomical Observation
Exploration of Microscopic Structure
Development of Experimental Methods
4. Explosion of Neuroscience (20th century)
Renaissance of Anatomical Techniques
History of Neuroanatomy
Ancient Times
Egypt
Medical Papyrus - Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus
Mesopotamia
Old Greek
Hippocrates (460-370 B.C.)
Herophilus of Chalcedon (c.300 B.C.)
Erasistratus of Chios (c.310-250 B.C.)
History of Neuroanatomy
Egypt
History of Neuroanatomy
Mesopotamia
Dark Age - Oriental Medicine
Oriental Anatomy
History of Neuroanatomy
Greek and Rome
Empedocles - Aristoteles
---- 4 elements, heart as a seat of soul
Galen of Pergamon (129-201 A.D.)
“Prince of Physician”
---- brain as a seat of animal spirit
History of Neuroanatomy
Galen of Pergamon
(129-201 A.D.)
liver
Natural spirit
lung
heart
vital spirit
rete mirabile
animal spirit
History of Neuroanatomy
Albertus Magnus
(1206-1280)
Gregor Reisch
(c. 1467-1525)
History of Neuroanatomy
Renaissance Neuroanatomy
14th to 16th century
Based on Humanism
Restoration of Human Anatomy
- 1315 human dissection was performed
in public (University of Bologna)
Mondino da Luzzi (1276-1326):
“Restorer of Anatomy”
Renaissance Neuroanatomy
Mondino
da Luzzi
(1276-1326)
“Restorer of
Anatomy”
History of Neuroanatomy
Renaissance Neuroanatomy
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
Berengarius da Carpi (1457-1530)
Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)
Di Humani Corporis Fabrica (1543)
Bartolemeo Eustachi (1520-1574)
Constanzo Varolio (1543-1575)
Giulio Casserio (c.1545-1616)
Renaissance Neuroanatomy
Leonardo da Vinci
(1452-1519)
Renaissance Neuroanatomy
Berengarius
da Carpi
(1457-1530)
First accurate illustration
of the ventricular system
(1523)
Renaissance Neuroanatomy
Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)
Di Humani Corporis Fabrica (1543)
Renaissance Neuroanatomy
Bartolemeo
Eustachi
(1520-1574)
Illustrate
Nervous System
of whole body
(1552  1714)
Renaissance Neuroanatomy
Constanzo Varolio (1543-1575)
illustrate and name pons (pons varoli)
Renaissance Neuroanatomy
Giulio Casserio
(c.1545-1616)
• Epoch of neuroanatomy
due to correctness of
drawing and technical
expertism.
• First to draw the cerebral
arterial circle