Power Forum 2014
dal uW al kW soluzioni innovative per applicazioni
ad alto contenuto tecnologico
Maurizio Pogliani
Field Application Engineer
Linear Technology Corporation
Italy – Greece - Turkey
[email protected]
Mobile: +39 348 4530576
Copyright © 2013 Linear Technology. All rights reserved.
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La nostra mission…
© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
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A Worldwide and World Class
Analog Design Team
14 Design Centers Worldwide
11 USA Locations
China, Germany, Singapore
1181 Employees in Research, Development and
Engineering Related Functions
Over 270 Analog Design Engineers
• 664 Granted Patents Worldwide with Numerous
Pending Patent Applications
© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
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Products
Signal
- Regulators
(Linear & Switching)
- Battery Chargers
- PMICs
- uModules
- LiIon Cell Balancers
- Energy Harvesting
- LED Drivers
- Digital Power
Monitoring
© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
CMOS
Power
BCD
Power
Conditioning
Mixed
Signal
- OpAmps
- Comparators
- References
- LiIon Battery
Management
- RF Mixers
- RF Modulators &
Demodulators
- WSN (802.14.5)
- Data Converters
(ADCs and DACs)
- Interface
- Digital Power
Monitoring
- Precision Timing
- Hot Swap
- POE
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Power solutions…quali criticità?
In ordine sparso

Power efficiency


Power dissipation: rendimento, ingombri di scheda e meccanici
Complessità di progettazione e test
•
•
•
•

Sorgenti di tensione disponibili


Accuratezza delle tensioni (DC, AC ripple, risposta al gradino)
Compatibilità elettromagnetica (rumore, compatibilità ai disturbi)
Ambienti ostili (temperature, sollecitazioni meccaniche, disturbi
elettromagnetici)
Monitoraggio e controllo
Scelta topologica
Battery power systems




Battery Lifetime
Costi di installazione e manutenzione
Connessioni e cablaggi (costi e problematiche)
Carica da fonti rinnovabili
© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
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Micromodule™
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Voltage Dynamic Scaling
© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
PSM with LTpowerPlay™
Traditional Power Supply
+5%
0%
9
+5%
TIME
Performance Optimized
Voltage Optimization
POL 1
0.25%
+/- 0.25%
Vout (Corrected)
+/- 0.25%
+/-
POL 1
-5%
0%
Power Optimized
-5%
Limited by tolerance
% of components.
Still subject to
time/temp drift
Dynamic Voltage Control
POL 2
POL 2
POL 3
© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
PMBus
EEPROM
OV/UV/OC Faults with no
other system information
FPGA/DSP/ASIC
1.50V / 1Ghz
1.15V /
.6Ghz
System Monitoring
POL 3
DVFS
Status and Fault Monitoring
Power In and Power Out
OV/UV/OC Faults
°C
Correlate Faults to System Status (Predict
Failure) and “Black Box” Analysis
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© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
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© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
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Quiescent current
© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
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Quiescent current
<200uA
© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
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© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
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EMC: Low Noise Switching regulators
© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
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EMC: sviluppo di nuove topologie
Zeta topology allowed!
© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
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Automotive Transients
14V
Standard for most automotive
applications
28V
Used in commercial trucks,
busses, heavy machinery,
military vehicles, airplanes
42V
Dead but may be used locally
(e.g. electric steering)
© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
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Overvoltage Protection Controllers
o
o
o
o
o
o
4V to 80V Operation Range
Adjustable Output Clamp Voltage
Overcurrent Protection/Inrush Limiting
Adjustable Fault Timer
Reverse Input Protection up to -60V
Guaranteed -40˚C to 125˚C (H Grade)
© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
Eliminates bulky filtering
components by isolating
low voltage circuitry from
spikes and surges found in
automotive, avionics and
industrial systems
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High power, high voltage CC/CV controller
© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
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High power, high voltage CC/CV controller
© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
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High power, high voltage CC/CV controller
© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
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High power buck-boost Multi-chemistry
battery charger
© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
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Solar panel Battery charger
© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
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© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
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Dal kW…
al µW…
Si può fare?
© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
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© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
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© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
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Motivation for Harvesting Energy
Energy Harvesting is interesting where …
o there is no access to any power source
o battery use is inconvenient, impractical, expensive or dangerous
o wiring for power or data transmission is not wanted
o an autonomous supply can be better for reliability
o A battery life extension is mandatory
or value added requirement
Applications Samples:
•
Transportation
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Predictive Maintenance (rail)
•
Environment Monitoring
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Industrial Monitoring Control
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Building Automation
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Automatic Metering
•
Home automation
•
Wireless Sensor Networks
© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
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Main Ambient Energy Sources
There is no universal
ambient energy source
A comparision of the 4 main ambient energy sources (before conversion) shows each has a
different power density. (Source:CEA-Leti)
© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
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Energy Harvesting Sources
Change of Magnetic Field by Motion - Induction
Courtesy of TOKO Inc.
Change of Strain by Motion - Piezoeffect
Temperature difference - Thermo electrical cell
Light - Photovoltaic
Biochemical Energy - Galvanic Process
Energy thieves - using EM-fields, other sources
© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
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Basic Considerations for Harvesting Energy
Source
Transducer
Converter
First think about Your needs
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Calculate the total energy demand
Watch out for peak demands
Then think about Your capabilities
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•
Consider the source characteristics
Watch out for the stability over time
And then try to match both
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•
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Choose the right transducer
Match it with the right voltage converter
If needed consider an energy storage
© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
Controller
Transmitter
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Useful Parts for Harvesting
Part
Number
Energy
Sources
Description
LTC3105 400mA boost converter with MPP control, 250mV Startup
LTC3108 Ultralow voltage boost converter and system manager, 20mV Startup
LTC3109 Auto-polarity version of LTC3108
LTC3588 Ultralow power buck with integrated rectifier and clamp for AC sources
LTC3330 Extension of LTC3588 by supply system, battery backup
LT3652
2A solar battery charger with power tracking
LTC4070 Nanoamp operating current Li-Ion battery charger
LTC4071 Nanoamp operating current Li-Ion battery charger with battery disconnect
LTC3388 Ultralow power buck
LTC3459 Low power booster
LTC3129 Low Power buck-boost
LT6656
And possibly more…
… please ask Your local
sales for assistance.
Nanoamp operating current Reference, usable as µPower LDO
LTC2935 Nanoamp operating current voltage monitor
© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
Lowest Power
Lowest Power
Lowest Power
Lowest Power
Lowest Power
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LTC3330: Multi-source Harvester extension
with battery backup
© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
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LTC3331: Nanopower Buck-Boost DC/DC with
Energy Harvesting Battery Charger
© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation
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LTC3107: TEG harvester extension with
battery backup
© 2013 Linear Technology Corporation