ასკა
ASCA
ახალი აგრარული
საქართველო
AKHALI AGRARULI SAQARTVELO
(New Agrarian Georgia)
saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis
mecnierebaTa akademiis prezidenti
ყოველთვიური სამეცნიეროსაინფორმაციო ჟურნალი.
Monthly scientific-informative magazine
მარტი, 2013 წელი.
#3 (23)
სარე
რედაქ
დაქციო
ციო კო
კოლე
ლეგი
გია:
ა:
სა
შოთა
თა მა
მაჭა
ჭარაშ
რაშვი
ვილი
ლი (მთ.
(მთ. რედაქტორი),
რედაქტორი),
შო
ნუგზარ
ებანო
იძე,ამი
მიხეილ
სოხაძე,
ზვი
ად ბრეგ
ვაძე,
რან ადე
იშვილი,
თამარ
სანიკიძე,
ნოდარ
ბრეგვაძე,
კა
ხა ლაშ
ხი, მიხეილ
სოხაძე,
თამთა გუ
გუშვილიკონ
(ინგლ.
ვერს.
რედაქტორი).
თამარ
სანიკიძე,
სტანტი
ნე გურ
გენიძე,
ნოდარ ბრეგვაძე, მარიამ ლებანიძე,
თამ
თა ნი
გუეგუშ
ლიჭო:
(ინგლ. ვერს. რედაქტორი).
სამეც
როვისაბ
აკადემიკოსები, მეცნიერებათა
დოქ
ტო
ბი, საბ
პრო
ფესორები:
სა
მეც
ნირე
ერო
ჭო:
რევაზ მახარობლი
ძე ნი
(თავმჯდომარე),
აკადემიკოსები,
მეც
ერებათა
ნოდარ
ჩხარ
ვილი,
დოქ
ტორე
ბი,ტიშ
პრო
ფესონუგ
რეზარ
ბი: ებანოიძე,
პეტ
რე მა
ნას
დაშლი
ვიძე
ლი,(თავმჯდომარე),
ზვიად ბრეგვაძე,
რე
ვაზ
ხაყი
რობ
ელდარ
გუჯაჩხარ
გუგუშ
ვივი
ლი,
ჯულუ
ნო
ტიშ
ლი,ზაურ
პეტრე
ნასხი
ყიძე,
დაშვილი,
ზურაბ
ელ
გუჯაჯინ
გუჯი
გუშხავიძე,
ლი,პაატა
ზაურკოღუაშვილი,
ჯულუხიძე,
ქრისტო
კახნიაშვილი,
ტყე
ლაშვილი,
ზუ
რაბ ჯინ
ჯიხაძე, ამიადოლ
რან ადე
იშშე
ვილი,
ნატო კაკაბაძე,
კუვიკუ
რი ლე
ძერი
კახა
ლაშნატო
ხი,
ადოლ
ტყეშელაშ
ლი,
რია, ნო
ზაძე,
ომარ თევდორაძე,
კაკაბაძე,
ვლადიმერნუგ
ცაზარ
ნავა,სარჯველაძე,
კუკური ძერია,
დავაზ
ვით თევ
ბედიდო
ა, რა
თენ
გიზომარ
ყურაშთევდორაძე,
ვილი, ზურაბ
რე
ძე,
ლოლაძე,
კოა,
ბა თენ
კობა
ლაძე,
ნუკრი
მემარნიშვილი.
და
ვით ბედი
გიზ
ყურაშ
ვილი,
კობა კობალაძე, ნუგზარ ებანოიძე,
ნი
კოლოზ ზაზაშვილი, ნუკრი მემარნიშვილი.
გამომცემელი:
“აგრარული სექტორის
კომფუძ
პანიენე
ბის
ასოციაცია” (ასკა);
დამ
ბელი:
Agraruli Sectoris
“აგრარული
სექტორის
Companiebis
asociacia
კომ
პანიების ასო
ციაცია”(ASCA);
(ასკა);
(Association Sectoris
of Agrarian Sector Companies).
Agraruli
საქართველოსasociacia
რეგიონული
ეკონომიკური
Companiebis
(ASCA);
პრიორიტეტების
კვლევითი
ცენტრი. “რეგიონიკა”;
(Association
of Agrarian
Sector Companies)
Regionica
Georgian
რე
დაქციის- მი
სამართი:Research Center for
Regional
Economic
Priorities.
თბი
ლისი (0119),
აგლა
ძის ქ. # 32
რედაქცი
ის მისა+995
მართი:
ტელ/tel:
34-76-33/
(99) 16 -18-31
თბილისი
(0119),
აგლაძის
Tbilisi
(0119),
Agladze
str. ქ.##3232
ტელ/tel:[email protected]
+995 (33) 2 34-76-33
e-mail:
+995 (99) 16 -18-31
Tbilisi (0119), Agladze str. # 32
editor of English version Tamta Gugushvili
E-mail: [email protected]
[email protected]
Web: www.regionica.org/journal.html
დააკაბადონა გიორგი მაისურაძემ
editor of English
version Tamta
Gugushvili
დაიბეჭდა
შპს “დიოსის”
სტამბაში
ჟურნალი ხელმძღვანელობს
დააკაბადონა გიორგი მაისურაძემ
თავისუფალი პრესის პრინციპით.
ჟურნა
ლი ხელuses
მძღვაthe
ნელობს
The
magazine
principal of free press.
თავი
ფალი
სისბაპრინ
ცილი
პით.
©
სასუ
ავტო
რო პრე
უფლე
დაცუ
ა.
themagazine
author right
The
uses is
theprotected.
principal of free press.
© საავტორო უფლება დაცულია.
the author right
ფასიis 5protected.
ლარი
რეფერირებადია 2011 წლიდან
დაიბეჭდა შპს “გამომცემლობა კოლორში”
WORLD
მსოფლიო
TECHNIC
ტექნიკა
Tbilisi
tel./faqsi: (+995 32) 2 35 10 05.
tel.: (+995 32) 2 34 76 33,
(+995 32) 2 34 45 37
მარტი, 2013
მარტი
2013 wlis 22 Tebervals saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiis saerTo krebam, akademiis wevrebis
siis Semadgenlobis umravlesobiT, faruli kenWisyriT, saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiis prezidentad 5 wlis vadiT saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis
mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikosi guram aleqsiZe
airCia.
akademikosi guram aleqsiZem 1962 wels warCinebiT daamTavra saqarTvelos sasoflo-sameurneo institutis agronomiuli fakulteti. imave wels mebaReobis, mevenaxeobisa da
meRvineobis kvleviTi institutis aspiranturaSi Cairicxa.
1966 wels warmatebiT daicva sakandidato disertacia, 1975
wels _ sadoqtoro disertacia. 1989 wels mieniWa profesoris wodeba. 1990 wels is saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiis wevr-korespondentad, xolo 1992
wels _ namdvil wevrad airCies.
batoni gurami 13 wlis ganmavlobaSi mebaReobis, mevenaxeobisa da meRvineobis kvleviT institutSi _ umcrosi, xolo
Semdeg ufrosi mecnieri muSakis Tanamdebobaze muSaobda.
1973 wlidan gadaiyvanes mcenareTa dacvis samecniero-kvleviT institutSi, sadac jer _ laboratoriis xelmZRvanelad,
xolo Semdeg, 1974 wlidan, samecniero dargSi direqtoris
moadgiled dainiSna. 1995 wlidan 2004 wlamde iyo akademiis mTavari akademikos-mdivani, xolo 2004 wlidan viceprezidenti.
gamoqveynebuli aqvs 160-mde samecniero naSromi, maT Soris
62 saerTaSoriso gamocemebSi.
aris Sua aziisa da kavkasiis qveynebis samecniero organizaciebis asociaciis „kakaaris“ saqarTvelos koordinatori;
arasamTavrobo organizaciis „eko-sandos“ Tavmjdomare;
dajildoebulia Rirsebis ordeniT. 2005 da 2008 wlebSi,
erTobliv kvlevebSi Setanili wvlilisTvis dajildoebulia saerTaSoriso organizaciebis „sijiarisa” da „ikardas”
vercxlis didi medlebiT.
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
აქტუ ალუ რი საკითხი
აქტუალური
საკი თხი
ratom aris Sps `meqanizatorisTvis~
saxelmwifos mier Sesyiduli sasoflo-sameurneo
teqnika komerciuli saidumlo?!
amaswinaT Sps „meqanizators“ intervius mosamzadeblad vewvieT, gvainteresebda, rogor
midis sagazafxulo samuSaoebi, ufaso xvnis saxelmwifo programa.
Sps „meqanizatoris“ direqtori „sityvauxvi“ kaci gamodga. kiTxvebze, romelic Cveni fermerebisa da glexobisaTvis dRes yvelaze aqtualuria, misi pasuxebi, lamis „diax“ da „araTi“
Semoifargla. roca 2012 wlis dekemberSi tenderiT, Tu saxelmwifo Sesyidvis wesiT SeZenili sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikiT, gamarjvebuli kompaniebiT, mwarmoebeli firmebiT, teqnikis modelebiT: ra agregatebi Semodis qveyanaSi, ramdenad pasuxobs isini Cvens pirobebs,
ra Rirebulebisaa es teqnika mTlianad da cal-calke da sxva, gaocebulma ikiTxa: Tqven es
raSi gainteresebTo, Cven Sps varTo, es komerciuli saidumloebaao da ase Semdeg.
marTali giTxraT, pasuxma gagvakvirva, swored amis Semdeg gadavwyviteT Sps „meqanizatorisTvis“ oficialurad migvemarTa da analogiuri informacia kanonis Sesabamisad mogvepovebina. batonma vaJam kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli vadebi zustad daicva da 10 dRis Tavze,
marTlac miviReT pasuxi, sadac man, axla ukve, Tavazianad gvirCia:
„Sps „meqanizatoris“ mier 2012-2013 wlebSi ganxorcielebuli sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis Sesyidvaze informaciiT Tqveni dainteresebis SemTxvevaSi, informaciis moTxovnis
gancxadebasTan erTad gTxovT, warmoadginoT Sesabamisi (Cveni kontraqtori) iuridiuli
pirebis mier saTanado wesiT gacemuli da damowmebuli mindobiloba an Tanxmoba, raTa ar
Seilaxos Cveni partniori kompaniebis komerciuli interesebi“ (stili daculia).
werils xels Sps „meqanizatoris“ direqtori vaJa naxucriSvili awers.
Cven, rogorc batonma direqtorma gvirCia, marTlac vikiTxeT, am faqtebis gasajaroebiT
davarRvevdiT Tu ara maT komerciul saidumlos, miRebuli pasuxidan mivxvdiT, ratom aris
Sps „meqanizatorisTvis“ 2012-2013 wlebSi Sesyiduli sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikasTan dakavSirebuli informacia komerciuli saidumlo. es ki, marTlac, badebs gonivrul eWvs da Sesabamis kiTxvebsac. Cvenc swored am kiTxvebze gvsurs pasuxis miReba.
maS ase!
rogorc sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis mwarmoebeli ucxouri kompaniebis qarTveli sadilero firmebis warmomadgenlebi amboben — tenderi moumzadeblad da gaumWvirvaled Catarda. maT tenderSi monawileobis misaRebad mowveva 28 dekembers gaegzavnaT
(teqnikis Sesyidvis Sesaxeb ukve noembris dasawyisSive iyo cnobili) da winadadebis warmodgenis vadad
7 ianvari ganesazRvraT.
yvelasTvis cnobilia, am dros evropasa da saqarTveloSic sadResaswaulo, saSobao ardadegebia da
Sesyidvis winadadebebis srulyofilad momzadebisTvis, rbilad rom vTqvaT, kargi dro ar iyo SerCeuli. am periodSi evropul kompaniebSi, teqnikuri
sakiTxebisa da masTan dakavSirebuli pirobebis ganxilva-momzadeba faqtiurad SeuZlebelia.
amave dros, TiTqosda siCqaris miuxedavad, dairRva winadadebebis wardgenis vadebi, ar gasajarovda
teqnikis fasebi, warmodgenili specifikaciebi, ar
Camoyalibda Sefasebis kriteriumebi, komisia mxedvelobaSi ar iRebda warmodgenili teqnikis xarisxs,
warmomavlobas, da arc kompaniebis gamocdilebas;
satendero komisia uxeSad ugulvebelyofda qar-
4
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
Tuli kompaniebis uflebebs, CarTuli yofiliyvnen
molaparakebebis procesSi, riTac ucxoeli partniorebis TvalSi maT diskreditirebas axdenda.
specifikaciebis da Sesyidvis wesis Camoyalibebac,
gaurkveveli mizezebiT, sakmaod didxans iweleboda.
20 dekembers, pirvelad gagzavnili Setyobinebidan 40
dRis Semdeg moiwvies soflis meurneobis saministroSi adgilobrivi dilerebi da teqnikuri monacemebi gaacnes. winaswari, kuluarebidan miRebuli informacia
dadasturda da 110 cx.Z-ian traqtorze moTxovna 115
cx. Zaliani traqtoriT Seicvleboda. es mniSvnelovania
imdenad, ramdenadac Sesyidvebze moTxovnili 3 tipis
traqtorebidan or — 110 da 120 cx.Zalian traqtorebs
Soris gansxvaveba mxolod 10 cx.Zalaa, rac sruliad gaumarTlebelia. rogorc wesi, sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikam sasurveli efeqti rom mogvces, sxvaoba, minimum,
30 cx.Z mainc unda iyos. specialistebma es ician da iTvaliswineben kidec.
zemoxsenebul garemoebas daemata kidev erTi faqti. moTxovnis Tanaxmad, mowveuli kompaniebi saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis saitze procurement.gov.ge 2013
wlis 7 ianvramde unda daregistrirebuliyvnen, xolo winadadebebi, imave werilSi miTiTebul eleqtმარტი, 2013
აქტუალური საკი
საკითხი
თხი
ronul misamarTebze, 2013 wlis 7 ianvris 21 sT-mde
unda gaegzavnaT.
rogorc aRvniSneT, vinaidan, evropaSi es periodi
tradiciulad ardadegebis droa da evropuli kompaniebis umetesoba 4 ianvramde isvenebs, xolo 7 ianvars saqarTvelo Sobis dResaswauls zeimobs, oTxma
qarTulma kompaniam, rogorc momwodeblebis adgilobrivma partniorebma, satendero komisiis mimarT
da soflis meurneobis ministrs tenderis Catarebis vadis erTi dRiT gadaweva sTxova. imave weriliT
kompaniebi iTxovdnen, rom winadadebebis wardgena
eleqtronuli fostis saSualebiT ki ara, daluquli
paketebiT momxdariyo da sajarod gaxsniliyo, raTa
yvela monawiles scodnoda warmodgenili fasebic da
rac mTavaria, teqnikis specifikaciebi (monacemebi).
komisiam, samwuxarod, arc es Txovna gaiziara. piriqiT, am kompaniebis warmomadgenlebs ganucxades, rom
wesebi ukve dadgenili iyo da rogorc surdaT tenderi ise Catardeboda.
aseve sayuradRebo faqtia isic, rom moTxovnis Tanaxmad 2013 wlis 7 ianvris 21 saaTamde satendero winadadebis gadagzavna unda dawyebuliyo. aRmoCnda,
rom erT-erTi miTiTebuli eleqtronuli misamarTi fostas ar iRebda, Tumca meore misamarTze mainc
yvelam moaxerxa monacemebis gadagzavna. zogma maTganma, Sps „meqanizatoris“ direqtoris eleqtronul
misamarTzec gaagzavna winadadeba. daaxloebiT 21:15
wuTze batoni vaJa naxucriSvili tenderSi monawile kompaniebs daukavSirda da acnoba, rom miTiTebul eleqtronul misamarTebs problema SeeqmnaT
da winadadebebis miRebam 24 saaTiT gadaiwia! wesiT
yvela monawiles 7 ianvris 21 saaTisTvis es winadadebebi mzad unda hqonodaT, axali eleqtronuli
misamarTis Seqmnas 24 saaTi rom ar sWirdeba, albaT,
kompiuteruli teqnologiebis saSualo donis specialistic ki dagveTanxmeba. logikuri iqneboda, Tu
marTlac teqnikuri xarvezi iyo, misi gamosworebisTvis da winadadebebis wardgenisTvis monawileebs 12
saaTi miscemodaT (Tundac imitom, rom am dros evropaSi axali samuSao dRe daiwyeboda), da ara 24 saaTi. kvlav Cndeba gonivruli eWvi,
rom zogierTma monawilem, droulad srulfasovnad an sulac ver
waradgina srulyofili winadadebebi da „xarvezebis“ gasasworeblad damatebiTi dro sWirdeboda,
amitomac miiRo komisiam aseTi gadawyvetileba.
ratomRac, am erTmaneTze damTxveulma faqtebma, tenderSi monawile zogierTi kompaniis varaudi da
SiSi daadastura, ratomac iTxovdnen tenderis TariRis erTi dRiT
gadawevas da winadadebebis daluquli paketebiT wardgenas.
amitomac gaCnda safuZvliani
eWvi, rom teqnikis Sesyidva gaumWvirvaled moxda. monawile kompaniebma erTmaneTis fasebi da warmodმარტი, 2013
genili teqnikuri maxasiaTeblebic ki ar icodnen.
vaWroba mimdinareobda zepirad, satelefono zarebis meSveobiT, maT Soris evropelebTan, maTTvis
arasamuSao saaTebSi. ar iyo cnobili vis ekuTvnoda
vaWrobaSi bolo an sawyisi sityva. xSirad, kompaniebs
fasdaklebisTvis ramdenime wuTi eZleodaT da sxva.
sabolood yvelaferi ise dagvirgvinda, rogorc
Cafiqrebuli iyo. teqnikuri monacemebis da fasebis gasajaroeba Sefasebis damTavrebis Semdegac
ar moxda, tenderSi monawile kompaniebs ganucxades, rom monacemebi ar gasajarovdeboda, rom Sefasebis mTavari kriteriumi iyo fasi.
analogiuri pasuxi miiRo „agraruli seqtoris
kompaniebis asociaciam“ da Jurnalma „axali agraruli saqarTvelo“. Cven kargad gvaxsovs, sul cota
xnis winaT, saxelmwifo biujeti sazogadoebisTvis
komerciuli saidumlo iyo. rogorc Cans, tradicia
grZeldeba da qveyanaSi didad araferi icvleba(?!).
mokled, gonivruli eWvi gamarTlda: 115 cx.Z-ian
traqtorebis SesyidvaSi gamarjveba naklebad cnobil kompanias darCa.
ai, es aris kiTxvebi, romelic eWvs badebs da rasac
pasuxi unda gaeces.
Cven am Temas momdevno nomrebSic davubrundebiT da yovelTvis, rogorc ar unda scadon informaciis dablokva, SevecdebiT, movaxerxoT Tvali
mivadevnoT ra saxis sasoflos-sameurneo teqnikas
yidulobs saxelmwifo, ekiTxeba Tu ara fermerebs,
specialistebs, ra sWirdeba, samuSaoebis efeqtiani
SesrulebisTvis, raTa fuli, romelic biujetidan
Tu sxva saxelmwifos xelSewyobiT Seqmnili fondebidan ixarjeba, maqsimalurad efeqtianad iyos gamoyenebuli.
vfiqrobT, am SekiTxvebze pasuxi naTels gaxdis,
im sakiTxs, Tu ratom aris saxelmwifos mier saqarTveloSi sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis SeZena da masTan dakavSirebuli sxva teqnikur-teqnologiur sakiTxebi komerciuli saidumlo!
marian lebaniZe.
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
5
კონცეფცია
sawyis etapze (wleuls) saWiro iqneba 375 tona maRalreproduqtiuli Teslis SeZena. momavali wlis bolos qveyana
mTlianad uzrunvelyofili iqneba saWiro raodenobis xorblis jiSiani TesliT.
meTesleobis ganviTarebis perspeqtiva
anu
uax lo es 2-3 we li wad Si ro gor uz run vel v yoT qve ya na
saWiro raodenobis TavTaviani marcvleuli kulturebis
adgilobrivi ji Si a ni da ux v mo sav li a ni Tes liT ?
sasoflo-sameurneo kulturaTa Tanamedrove, uxvmosavliani jiSebis da hibridebis gamoyvanas da warmoebaSi danergvas soflis
meurneobis produqtiulobis gazrdaSi udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba. am saqmeSi gadamwyvet rols meTesleoba asrulebs.
meTesleoba memcenareobis dargia, romlis ZiriTad amocanas jiSTgamocdisa da jiSTa ganaxlebisaTvis maRalxarisxovani saTesle
masalis gamravleba Seadgens. meTesleobis erT-erTi mTavari amocana
jiSis jiSobrivi niSan-Tvisebebis
SenarCuneba da misi TandaTanobiT
amaRlebaa. mosavlianobis gazrdis
RonisZiebaTa kompleqsSi maRalxarisxovani jiSiani Tesli erT-erTi
umniSvnelovanesi rgolia.
meTesleobis mecnierulad swori warmarTva genetikur kanonzomierebaTa gamoyenebas, daraionebuli jiSebisa da hibridebis biologiis codnas efuZneba. maRali
saTesi Rirsebebisa da uxvmosavliani, jiSiani Teslis miReba mxolod da mxolod miwaTmoqmedebis
maRali kulturis pirobebSi, mecnierulad dasabuTebuli agrowesebis drouli da kompleqsuri gamoyenebiTaa SesaZlebeli.
meTesleobis ganviTareba maRalorganizebuli RonisZiebaa, samwuxarod aRar gvaqvs Tanamedrove pirobebis Sesabamisi sistema, darRveulia jiSTa cvlisa da jiSTa ganaxlebas Soris kavSiri. aucilebelia
damuSavdes meTesleobis axali sistema, amuSavdes Sesabamisi koncefcia. pirvel rigSi jiSiani Teslis
warmoebis organizeba saxelmwifos
mxardaWeriT unda moxdes, radgan
igi finansebTan erTad, gasatarebe-
6
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
li RonisZiebebisa da yvela operaciis umkacres dacvas iTxovs.
ukanaskneli 20 weliwadia saqarTveloSi marcvleulisa Tu sxva kulturebis: xorblis, qeris, Svriis,
simindis, lobios, kartofilis da
bostneulis jiSiani da maRalreproduqciuli, daraionebuli Teslis mwvave deficitia.
bolo wlebia saqarTveloSi katastrofulad mcirdeba ZiriTadi
sasursaTe kulturis — xorblis naTesi farTobebi. amJamad, mxolod
45 aTas heqtaramdea daTesili, rac
SesaZleblobis mxolod 20% -ia.
analogiuri viTarebaa: qeris, Svriis, Wvavis, simindis da bostneuli
kulturebis naTesebis mxrivac.
qveyanaSi dRes aranairi yuradReba ar eqceva jiSebis da hibridebis
winaswar Seswavlas, ugulebelyofilia adgilobrivi jiSebis Tesleulis warmoeba, iavarqmnilia agraruli mecniereba, moSlilia meTesleobis sistema, am dargSi yvela
saqmianoba qaoturad mimdinareobs.
aqedan gamomdinare, aRar arsebobs
xorblis, qeris, Svriis, Wvavis, simindis, bostneuli kulturebis
da parkosnebis adgilobrivi jiSebis maRalreproduqciuli Teslis
warmoebis aranairi sistema. is rac
iwarmoeba da mcire partiebad jer
kidev SemorCenilia mosaxleobaSi,
gaqroba emuqreba. Tu ase gagrZelda, ramdenime weliwadSi aseve ar
gveqneba simindis adgilobrivi jiSebi, rac Seuswavleli hibridebis
SemotaniT da misi masobrivi gavrcelebiTaa gamowveuli.
sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis
warmoebis gazrdis saqmeSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba meTesleobis
programebis mogvarebas eniWeba.
jiSTa gamocdis sistemis gauqmebis Semdeg qveyanaSi TviTneburad Semodis winaswar Seuswavleli jiSebi da hibridebi, maT Tan
mohyveba iseT mavneblebi da daavadebebi, romlebTanac SemdgomSi
brZola Wirs. rogorc wesi, jiSi
marto uxvmosavlianobiT ki ara,
mavnebel-daavadebebisadmi gamZleobiTac unda gamoirCeodes.
qveynis TavTaviani marcvleulis
mwarmoebel raionebSi 550 aTasi heqtari saxnav-saTesi farTobi iricxeba, rac imis saSualebas iZleva, rom
TavTaviani marcvleuli daiTesos
300 aTas heqtaramde farTobze, (saxnavis 40%) ix. cxrili # I, maT Soris
xorbali 216-220 aTas heqtarze.
bolo wlebSi qveyanaSi masobrivad Semodis da qaosurad, visac
rogor unda, iTeseba simindis hibridebis Teslebi.
rogorc vTqviT, qvyanaSi elituri, maRalreproduqciuli, jiSiani, daraionebuli Teslis mwvave deficitia. bolo 20 weliwadia
saqarTveloSi aRar iwarmoeba jiSobrivad maRalxarisxovani maCveneblebis Tesleuli, aRar arsebobs meTesleobis specializebuli sawarmoebi, aRar icdeba jiSebi,
aRar gvaqvs Tesleulis gardamavaმარტი, 2013
კონცეფცია
li fondi, romliTac maragdeboda
mTiswina da mTiani zonebi (am regionebSi saSemodgomo Tesva iwyeba
20 agvistodan da wlis mosavlidan
ver eswreba xarisxiani Teslebis
momzadeba), meTesleobis dargi daucveli gaxda kanonmdeblobiTac,
kerZod, gauqmebulia saqarTvelos
kanoni „sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis jiSebis gasavrceleblad
daSvebis xarisxiani Teslis da sargavi masalis Sesaxeb, aRniSnuli
kanoni gadakeTda da arasrulyofilad miuerTda mecxoveleobis
dargs da miRebulia saqarTvelos
kanoni — „cxovelTa da mcenareTa
axali jiSebis dacvis Sesaxeb“.
miwaTmoqmedebis qveyanaSi ar
gvaqvs kanoni meTesleobis Sesaxeb.
meTesleobis sistema ganadgurebulia. dro ar iTmens, mdgomareoba
savalalo da samarcxvinoa, radgan
aseTi ram msoflios arc erT metnaklebad normalur qveyanaSi ar
momxdara. amitom dayovneba dauSvebelia. Seqmnili mdgomareobidan gamomdinare pirvel rigSi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces meTesleobis problemebis mogvarebas
da daCqarebuli meTodiT dawyos
samrewvelo meTesleoba, anu uxvmosavliani jiSebis maRalreproduqciuli Teslebis warmoeba da miwaTmosargebleTaTvis miwodeba.
rac Seexeba pirvelad meTesleobas, anu elituri Teslis mecnierulad damuSavebuli meTodebiT
miRebas, igi SedarebiT did dros
(5 weliwads mainc) moiTxovs, amitom am etapze aucilebelia samrewvelo meTesleobis aRorZineba
da paralelurad unda ganviTardes pirveladi meTesleobac.
qveyanaSi fiziologiuri normebidan gamomdinare pur-funTuSeuliT mosaxleobis moTxovnilebis
dasakmayofileblad saSualod yovelwliurad 750 aTasi tona xorbalia saWiro, magram amis nacvlad
mxolod 45-65 aTasi tona iwarmoeba, danarCeni ucxoeTidan Semodis.
es problema rom gadaiWras da
CvenTvis samyofi xorbali vawarmooT, amisaTvis saWiroa yovelwliurad xorbali saSualod 216-220 aTas
heqtarze daiTesos, ris SesaZleblobac dRes realurad arsebobs.
bunebrivia, am moculobis farTobze xorblis dasaTesad 54 aTasi tona,
maRalxarisxovani, uxvmosavliani,
მარტი, 2013
jiSiani da daraionebuli xorblis
Teslia saWiro, amisTvis ki kargad
gamarTuli meTesleobis sistemis
gamarTvaa aucilebeli.
vinaidan qveyanaSi meTesleobis
dargi aRar arsebobs, Seqmnili
mdgomareobidan gamomdinare, Cven
migvaCnia, rom gamosavali dargis
gegmazomier da swrafad aRorZinebaSia.
vfiqrobT, es Tu saxelmwifos
neba iqneba, SesaZlebelia.
pirvel rigSi saWiroa winaswar
SeirCes saTesle nakveTebi da mkacrad gakontroldes yvela moTxovna, rac Teslis warmoebas sWirdeba.
gaazrebuli, mecnierulad dasabuTebuli gegmis mixedviT muSaobis SemTxvevaSi, saqarTvelos
soflis meurneoba uaxloes periodSi uzrunvelyofili iqneba
saWiro raodenobis sakuTari warmoebis xorblisa da sxva kulturebis jiSiani TesleuliT.
Cveni TvalsazrisiT pirvel
etapze (2013 wels) xorblis meTesleobis ganviTarebisTvis 1500
heqtarze daiTesos da damzaddes
4500 tona jiSiani Tesli. (daxarisxebis Semdeg gadairCeva 750
tona Cveulebrivi rigiTi marcvali, romelic gaiyideba).
sawyis etapze (wleuls) saWiro
iqneba 375 tona maRalreproduqciuli Teslis SeZena. momavali wlis
bolos qveyana saWiro raodenobis
xorblis jiSiani TesliT mTlianad uzrunvelyofili iqneba.
TavTaviani marcvleuli kulturebis pirveladi meTesleobis
programa 3 wliania da ori etapisgan Sedgeba.
pirveli etapze (ix. cxrili # II),
2013 wlis Semodgomaze 1500 heq-
tarze saSemodgomo xorblis dasaTesad unda SeirCes saqarTvelos niadagur-klimaturi pirobebisTvis vargisi saSemodgomo xorblis 375 tona elituri saTesle
masala. analogiurad unda moxdes
sagazafxulo xorblis, saSemodgomo da sagazafxulo qeris da
Svriis jiSebis SerCeva da pirveli
reproduqciis Teslis warmoeba.
Semdgom, 2014 wels warmoebuli
xorblidan 54 000 tona saTesle
masala gamoirCeva, anu momdevno
wlis bolos qveyanas saSemodgomo
xorblis 216-220 aTas heqtarze dasaTesad sakuTari warmoebis jiSiani, uxvmosavliani Tesli eqneba.
Semdgom wlebSic qveyana ukve
mTlianad daikmayofilebs moTxovnas sakuTari warmoebis saSemodgomo xorblis TesliT (moxdeba
jiSTganaxleba da kvlav daiwyeba
ganaxlebuli jiSebis warmoeba).
2014 wlisaTvis aseve SesaZlebelia iwarmoos 1600 t sagazafxulo
xorblis, 8000 tona saSemodgomo
qeris, 3000 tona sagazafxulo qeris
da 1440 tona Svriis maRalxarisxovani Tesli, rac sruliad sakmarisia,
rom am kulturebisTvis gamoyofili farTobebi adgilze damzadebuli, Semowmebuli, da daraionebuli
xarisxiani TesliT daiTesos.
marcvleuli Tu sxva kulturebis
meTesleobis amocana imaSi mdgomareobs, rom xeli Seewyos qveyanaSi
naTesi farTobebis da saheqtro mosavlianobis gazrdas, konkretuli
raionisa Tu regionis miwaTmosargebleTa moTxovnilebis saWiro raodenobiT uxvmosavliani saTesle
masaliT dakmayofilebas.
meTesleobis dargis gamarTuli muSaoba moiTxovs, marcval-
cxrili 1
qveyanaSi saSemodgomo da sagazafxulo TavTaviani kulturebis dasaTesi
farTobebi da Tesleulis saWiro raodenoba
dasaTesi
saWiro Teslis
Teslis mTliani
# kulturis dasaxeleba farTobi raodenoba heqtarze kg/ha
kg ha
raodenoba
1
2
3
4
5
saSemodgomo xorbali
sagazafxulo xorbali
saSemodgomo qeri
sagazafxulo qeri
Svria
216000
6400
40000
15000
8000
250
250
200
200
180
54000
1600
8000
3000
1450
sul xorbali
sul qeri
Svria
222400
55000
8000
55600
11000
8000
sul TavTavianebi
285400
285400
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
7
კონცეფცია
sawmend, specialur teqnikas, sa- specialistTa jgufi, romelic adgilze warmoebas. CvenTan amis
sawyobe meurneobis gamarTvas. meTesleobis programis mimdina- gamocdileba arsebobs da Tu saZalian cudia, rom aRar varT me- reobas, gasatarebeli agroteqni- xelmwifos survili da neba iqneTesleobis saerTaSoriso organi- kuri RonisZiebebis dacvas Tes- ba, qveyana savaluto rezervebsac
zaciis wevrebi. amitom dRes, rac vidan mosavlis aRebamde monito- dazogavs (68 aTasi tona saTesle
masala soliduri Tanxa jdeba),
unda xarisxovani Tesli da nergi rings gauwevs.
qveyanaSi saSemodgomo da saga- adgilobriv warmoebasac ganavivawarmooT, qveynis gareT ver gavitanT, radganac ar funqcioni- zafxulo xorblebisa da qeris, Tarebs, axalgazrda specialisreben serTifikatis gamcemi ofi- aseve Svriis Tesvis SesaZleblobe- tebsac gazrdis da aTasobiT maRacialuri organizaciebi, rac sas- bidan gamomdinare jiSian, daraio- lanazRaurebad samuSao adgilebnebul da maRalxarisxovan Tesle- sac Seqmnis.
wrafod aRsadgenia.
am saqmis dawyeba da bomeTesleobis progralom
de miyvana realuria,
mis gansaxorcieleblad
am programis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi,
TavTaviani kulturebis rogorc vTqviT, 2014 wlisaTvis ukve qveyanas metic aucilebelicaa, migavrcelebis zonebSi, ni- eqneba 54 aTasi tona saSemodgomo da 16 000 Tumetes roca riski, rom
adagur-klimaturi piro- tona sagazafxulo xorblis, 8 000 tona sa- programa Cavardes, minimabebis mixedviT, unda Se- Semodgomo da 3000 tona sagazafxulo qeris luria. Tu yvelaferi swoirCes gamocdili ferme- da 1440 tona Svriis maRalxarisxovani, maRal rad gaiTvleba da daigegrebi, romlebic akmayofi- reproduqciuli Teslebi, rac sruliad sak- meba, erTaderT Seferxeleben Semdeg moTxovnebs marisi iqeba 285.4 aTas heqtarze saSemodgo- bad, risk-faqtorad sti: -fermerebs sakuTrebaSi mo da sagazafxulo TavTaviani marcvleuli qia: setyva, maRali yinvebi,
Rvarcofi, wyaldidoba,
unda hqondes, sul mcire, kulturebis dasaTesad.
niaRvari, mewyeri, xangrZ80-100 ha saxnavi miwa;
— gaaCndes sasawyobe meurneoba, ulze moTxovna Zalian didia da maT livi wvimebi SeiZleba mogvevlinos,
marcvalsawmendi, Teslis damka- SesaZenad qveynidan soliduri Tan- sxva SemTxvevaSi maRali Sedegi galibrebeli danadgari (petkusi), xebi gadis. Tanac ra xarisxis Tesli rantirebuli iqneba. stiqiis safrTxis gamo ki soflis meurneobas
Semodis ucxoeTidan, aravin icis.
Teslis Sesawamli aparati.
zonebis mixedviT SerCeul me- jer arsad SeuCerebia moqmedeba.
da rac mTavaria, winaswar SerCeul meTesleobis mimarTule- Tesleobis fermerul meurneadol tyeSelaSvili,
biT momuSave fermerebs gavuwioT obebSi TavTaviani kulturebis
soflis
meurneobis
mecnierebaTa
daxmareba da warmodgenili biz- garda paralelurad ganviTardeakademiuri
doqtori;
nes gegmis mixedviT isargeblon ba marcvlovan-parkosani mravaldabalprocentiani grZelvadiani wlovani da erTwlovani sakvebi
ednar miqanaZe,
swavluli agronomi;
balaxebis da bostneul-baRCeuli
kreditebiT.
samrewvelo da pirveladi meTes- kulturebis meTesleobac.
murman bakuraZe,
amitom vTavazobT qveyanas jileobis problemebis mosagvarebswavluli agronomi.
lad unda Seiqmnas profesional Siani da uxvmosavliani Teslis
cxrili 2
qveynis saSemodgomo da sagazafxulo TavTaviani kulturebis TesleuliT uzrunvelyofa reproduqciebis mixedviT 2013 -2016ww
#
kulturis
dasaxeleba
1
2
wlebi
jiSi
2013-2016
5
6
1 saSem. xorbali
2 „-----------------“
3 „-----------------“
2013w
2014w
2015w
elita
I reproduqcia
II reproduqcia
1500
18000
216000
1 sagaz. xorbali
2 „-----------------“
3 „-----------------“
2014w
2015w
2016w
elita
I reproduqcia
II reproduqcia
100
800
6400
1 saSem. qomo qeri
2 „-----------------“
3 „-----------------“
2013w
2014w
2015w
elita
I reproduqcia
II reproduqcia
1 sagaz. qeri
2 „-----------------“
3 „-----------------“
2014w
2015w
2016w
1 Svria
2 „-----------------“
3 „-----------------“
2014w
2015w
2016w
8
3
sawyisi
dagegmili
sul
dagegmili
sul
elituri
sabunkere mosavali Teslis
Teslis
reproduqcia farTobi
Teslis
mosavali sabunkere mosavali mosavali
raodenoba t.
t/ha
ha
tona
t/ha
ha
4
7
8
9
10
11
375
3.5
3.5
3.5
5250
63000
756000
3
3
×
4500
54000
54000
25
2.5
2.5
2.5
250
2000
16000
2
2
2
200
1600
12200
400
4000
40000
80
2.5
2.5
2.5
1000
10000
100000
2
2
×
800
8000
8000
elita
I reproduqcia
II reproduqcia
150
1500
15000
30
2.5
2.5
2.5
375
3750
37500
2
2
×
300
3000
3000
elita
I reproduqcia
II reproduqcia
80
800
8000
2
2
2
160
1600
16000
1.8
1.8
×
144
1440
1450
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
14
მარტი, 2013
ეროვნული ს
საქმე
აქ მე
meRvineobis qveyanaSi
meRvine ar gvyavdes, sircxvilia!
saxelmwifom mkacrad unda gaakontrolos Rvinis xarisxi. qarxanas ar
unda misces ufleba cudi Rvino awarmoos, xolo sazogadoebas — „saSualeba“, cudi Rvino svas!
mevenaxeoba da meRvineoba saqarTvelos tradiciuli, adaT-wesebTan
gadajaWvuli kulturaa da Cveni istoriis ganuyofeli nawilia.
am kulturam saqarTvelos da qarTveli xalxis erovnuli identobis
SenarCunebis saqmeSi ganuzomeli roli Seasrula da es „tvirTi“ dResac ar moxsnia.
Rvinoze roca vlaparakob, bunebrivad, qarTvel kacs vgulisxmob,
vinc aseTi mravalferovani da gamorCeuli kultura, misi dari Tvisebebis mqone vazis jiSebi da sakuTari Rirsebis sakadrisi Rvinoebi
Seqmna. amitomac saqarTveloSi odiTgan Rvino wminda sasmelad iTvleboda, marani ki — wminda alagad. droTa ganmavlobaSi, istoriuli bedukuRmarTobisa Tu Cveni bedovlaTobis gamo, qarTuli sazogadoebis didi
nawilisTvis Rvinisadmi damokidebuleba Seicvala, igi umetesad arajansaRi socialuri yofis Tanmdev atributad gaixda. iyo dro, roca Rvinis
gafuWeba, mouvleloba sircxvilad iTvleboda. es tradicia, TiTqos,
sadRac gulis kunWulSi qarTvels miuCqmalavs da drodadro axsenebs
Tavs, magram, samwuxarod, dRes CvenSi Rvino dRes Trobis saSualeba,
ufroa, vidre am RvTiuri sasmeliT tkbobisa.
qarTveli kacisTvis Rvino mxolod ekonomikuri keTildReobis da
Semosavlebis miRebis saSualeba ar gaxlavT; mas CvenTvis udidesi socialuri datvirTva akisria, amitomac aris mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis
dargis aRorZineba didi erovnul-politikuri misia.
es mcire istoriul, socialur, fsiqologiuri Sesavali, statiis lamazad dasawyebad ar gamikeTebia. amisken Cemma respondentis wuxilma
mibiZga: mexuTe weliwadia venaxs vuvli da davrwmundi, rom saqarTveloSi mevenaxeoba wamgebiani dargiao.
Salva gvaramaZe profesionalia, saerTod yvela
saqmes, risTvisac aqamde moukidia xeli, am pasuxismgeblobiT udgeba da Sedegic Sesabamisi aqvs. meRvineoba misi ZiriTadi profesia ar yofila, magram
radgan am saqmiT dainteresda, misi safuZvlebic
Zirfesvianad Seiswavla.
Salva gvaramaZe Rvinis kompania „SalRvinos“ damfuZnebelia. am kompaniis Rvinoebi ki bazarze male
gamoCndeba da darwmunebuli var, amas Rvinis damfaseblebi saTanadod Seafaseben.
batoni Salva Zalze saintereso respondentia. saqarTveloSi meRvineobis ganviTarebaze uamravi specialistis mosazreba momismenia da am Temaze bevrjerac damiweria, magram is rasac „SalRvinos“ damfuZnebeli ambobs, es marto erTi meRvinisa Tu mevenaxis safiqrali ki ara, saqveyno saqmea.
vidre saqarTvelo saukeTeso Rvinoebs ucxoeTis
bazarze gaitans, jer adgilobriv bazarze unda Seiqmnas imis piroba, rom xalxi Rvinis msgavsi maTrobela
მარტი, 2013
sasmelebiT ar iwamlebodes. yvelam icis, rom dRes
qveyanaSi masobrivad mzaddeba da iyideba falsificirebuli Rvinoebi, magram yuradRebas aravin aqcevs.
sxvaTa Soris, dRes saqarTveloSi, Seudareblad
meti raodenobis falsificirebuli, momwamvleli
Rvinis msgavsi siTxe iyideba, vidre saeWvo warmoSobis (cxenis, viris da a.S) xorci Tu sxva produqti.
amitomac, dRes — rogorc batoni Salva ambobs, —
mevenaxes aranairi Sansi ar aqvs, rom yurZeni, ragind
maRali xarisxis iyos, realur fasSi gayidos, fass bazari karnaxobs, bazarze ki moTxovnileba ar aris da
yurZenic TviTRirebulebaze nakleb fasad iyideba.
aseT pirobebSi mevenaxeobis calke mimarTulebad
ganviTareba warmoudgenelia. amitomac aris, meRvineobis qveyanaSi yurZnis mwarmoebeli iuridiuli
pirebis raodenoba mcirea. mevenaxeobas, ZiriTadad,
glexi misdevs, romelic Tavis sakarmidamo nakveTebSi mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi, dilidan saRamomde
wvalobs da bolos, moweuli mosavali sul rom ar
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
9
ერო ვნუ ლი საქმე
ეროვნული
gaufuW
Wdes,
s iZu
Z lebu
b lia TviTRire
r bu
b leba
b ze
z iafad
gayidos.
meores mxriv saxelmwifos mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis
ganviTarebisTvis dRemde aranairi qmediTi nabiji ar
gadaudgams, Tu ar CavTvliT piar aqciebs, romelic
glexebs Casabarebeli yurZnis fasdanamats ramdenime
TeTrs umatebda, rac meRvines araferSi adgeba.
msoflioSi bevri magaliTi arsebobs imisa, Tu
qveynebi TavianT meRvineebs rogor exmarebian. aviRoT Ciles magaliTi: qveyanas Rvinis warmoebis maRali kultura saerTod ar hqonia, magram roca darwmunda saxelmwifo, rom xarisxiani Rvinis warmoeba
SesaZlebeli iyo (Cile kordilierebis mTiswineTis
mTel perimetrzea gaSlili, rac saRvine yurZnis
warmoebisTvis gansakuTrebul klimatur pirobebsa
da temperaturul reJims qmnis), mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis ganviTarebaSi didi fuli Cado. moamzada specialistebi, SearCia yurZnis jiSebi, gaaSena venaxebi,
aago Tanamedrove teqnologiebiT aRWurvili Rvinis
qarxnebi, rogorc qveynis SigniT, ise sazRvargareT,
gaimarTa lojistikuri infrastruqtura da ucxoeTis bazrebze CileSi warmoebuli Rvinoebis dasamkvidreblad, rom ityvian, ukan araferze dauxevia.
amisTvis Tanxebs biujeti ixdida.
am xuTi-eqvsi wlis winaT visac sazRvargareT uwevda yofna, dameTanxmeba, rom evropaSi Ciles Rvinoebi 2-3 evro Rirda. kargi, lamazad SefuTuli boTlis, mimzidveli etiketis, xarisxiani sacobis da sxa
atributebi, sul mcire erTi evro jdeba; kilogrami
yurZeni 2 evro mainc Rirs; boTlSi Camosxmuli Rvinis
fasi, Tu transportirebisa da realizaciis xarjsac
davumatebT 4-5 evros namdvilad aWarbebs. faqtia, Cile evropaSi Rvinos aSkarad TviTRirebulebaze dabal fasad yidda.
e.i saxelmwifom strategia sworad gaTvala da fuli mizanmimarTulad daxarja, raTa bazarze Ciles
Rvinoze moTxovnileba gaCeniliyo.
adamianis fsiqologia cnobilia. kaci Tu mieCvia
produqts, romelic 2 evro Rirs, is am RvinoSi Sem-
10
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
r sac
s gadaix
xdis.
s asec
s
m xda — ax
xla evro
r pis
p s
deg 5 evro
mox
bazari savsea Ciles RviniT da is ukve 5-6 evrod da
ufro Zviradac iyideba.
Cven Cileze gacilebiT ukeTesi Rvinoebis warmoeba SegviZlia. 10-dan 20 dolaramde Rirebulebis,
saSualo segmentis Rvinis niSis dakaveba saqarTvelos meRvineTa didi nawilis ocnebaa. es fasi saqarTvelos pirobebisTvis Zalian momgebiani iqneba. Cven
maRali xarisxis brendebis warmoebac SegviZlia, ris
fasic Sesabamisad gaizrdeba.
Cilel meRvineebs rom msoflio Rvinis bazarze am
poziciisTvis mieRwiaT, rac dRes uWiravs, 10-15 weliwadi da saxelmwifosgan uzarmazari fuladi Tu
moraluri daxmareba dasWirda.
Cven Rvinis samSoblo varT, rac Cveni meRvineebisTvis didi Rirsebaa da marTlac saukeTeso adgilwarmoSobis Rvinoebi gvaqvs, amis iqiT ras akeTebs saxelmwifo saqarTveloSi meRvineobis ganviTarebisaTvis?! dRemde am dargis fexze dasayeneblad saxelmwifos TiTi-TiTze ar daudia, Tu ar CavTvliT imas, rom
winasaarCevnod biznesmenebs aiZulebda glexebisgan
yurZeni Seesyida, oriode groSs biujetidanac umatebda da amiT amoiwureboda meRvineebisadmi anu ufro sworad mevenaxe glexebisadmi misi daxmareba.
aseTi qmedebiT igi xels ki ar uwyobda meRvineobis
ganviTarebas, aramed xels uSlida da problemebs
uqmnida.
— rogor unda ganviTardes meRvineoba saqarTveloSi? — kiTxulobs batoni Salva gvaramaZe da kiTxvas TviTonve pasuxobs. aSkarad Cans am sakiTxze mas
bevri naSromi da nafiqrali aqvs.
— pirvel rigSi unda momzaddes mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis ganviTarebis grZelvadiani saxelmwifo programa. aseTi programis Seqmnas, daaxloebiT, 6-7 Tve mainc
sWirdeba. am programisTvis yvelaferi unda gaiTvalos da daiTvalos. mis SemuSavebaSi unda CaerTos niadagmcodneobis, meRvineobis, mevenaxeobis, lojistikis da menejmentis da sxva specialistebi. darwmunebuli var, aseTi programis Sesaqmnelad evropa grantsac
მარტი, 2013
ეროვნული ს
საქმე
აქ მე
gamoyofs, radgan evropac saqarTvelos mravalferovani klimaturi pirobebis gamoyenebiT meRvineobis evropul standartebamde ayvanaSi dainteresebulia.
saqarTvelos rom mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis ganviTarebis unikaluri bunebriv-klimaturi pirobebi da kidev ufro unikaluri yurZnis jiSebi aqvs, sayovelTaod cnobilia. Cveni yurZnis jiSebi cnobil evropul
jiSebs arafriT CamorCeba, Tu ukeTesi ar aris maTze.
ar ifiqroT, rom es evropelebma ar ician.
Cven meRvineobis rvaaTaswliani istoria gvaqvs da
Cveni vazis jiSebic, iseve rogorc nebismieri cocxali
organizmi, vazic mSobliur garemos, aqaur pirobebsaa
morgebuli da maTgan saukeTeso Rvinoebi miiReba.
amasTan erTad, pirvel rigSi meRvineoba-mevenaxeobis samecniero sakvlevi instituti unda aRdges.
Cemi azriT, am institutis gauqmeba didi Secdoma
iyo. meore rigSi, dauyovnebliv unda daiwyos saqarTveloSi Tanamedrove teqnologiebisa da qarTuli tradiciebis mcodne meRvineebis momzadeba,
rom maT maRali xarisxis meRvinis diplomebi miiRon.
dRes saqarTveloSi Tanamedrove meRvineTa Zalze mcire raodenoba, maTi codna da kvalifikacia
dRevandelobis moTxovnilebas CamorCeba, amitom,
Cvenda samarcxvinod, Rvinis samSobloSi meRvineebs
ucxo qveynidan iwveven. romelime qarTuli qarxana
Tu normalur Rvinos awarmoebs, mas umeteswilad
ucxoeli meRvine hyavs daqiravebuli. samarcxvinoa
is faqtic, rom meRvineobis qveyanaSi, sadac 70 weliwadia umaRlesi sasoflo-sameurneo skola (instituti Tu agraruli universiteti) arsebobs da
swavluli, profesionali meRvine ar gvyavs. am saqmis
mogvarebasac xom didi kapitaldabandeba ar sWirdeba. amitom unda aRdges meRvineobis instituti,
Seiqmnas meRvineebis momzadebis saxelmwifo programa da misi ganxorcieleba daevalos saqarTvelos
agrarul universitets, miT umetes, axal mflobels,
romelsac amis didi survili aqvs. paralelurad, im
regionebidan, sadac meRvineobis ganviTarebis perspeqtivaa (da ara Tbilisidan), unda
SeirCes iseTi axalgazrdebi visac es
saqme ainteresebs da momzaddes meRvineebi, romlebic mSobliur mxares
daubrundebian, adgilze gaagrZeleben moRvaweobas.
saxelmwifom amaze unda izrunos,
unda gamoiyenos mis xelT arsebuli
berketebi, raTa momzaddes mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis specialistebi. jaris oficrebs, policielebs, diplomatebs xom amzadebs saxelmwifo aseve
unda moamzados mevenaxe agronomi,
meRvine, Rvinis warmoebis menejeri,
gayidvebis menejeri da sxva. saxelmwifo jariskacis momzadebasa da daostatebaze solidur Tanxebs xarjavs, magram igi qveyanas realurad, im
misiiT risTvisac mzaddeba, SeiZleba
arasdros dasWirdes; am dros momzadebuli meRvine, agronomi, sxva speciმარტი, 2013
alisti yoveldRiuradaa saWiro, Tumca, dRes qveyanaSi maTi didi deficitia.
meore ZiriTadi problema uSualod miwas ukavSirdeba, — meubneba batoni Salva gvaramaZe:
— saqarTveloSi vazi, TiTqmis, yvelgan xarobs, magram karg vazs kargi niadagi sWirdeba. Cvens qveyanaSi
meRvineobis bevri kargi zonaa, romelic specifikuri
niadagebiTaa gamorCeuli. magaliTad kardenaxSi, sadac mec maqvs venaxebi, ori gansakuTrebuli zonaa: „warafebi“ da „axoebi“. es aris, daaxloebiT, 350 heqtari
unikaluri savenaxe miwa, romelic gamorCeuli Tvisebebis „saferavis“, „xixvis“, „rqawiTelis“ mosavals iZleva. am niadagebze moyvanili yurZnisgan dayenebuli
Rvino imave sofelSi arsebul sxva venaxebisgan warmoebuli Rvinisgan arsebiTad gansxvavdeba, magram iciT
ra mdgomareobaa am miwebze?! privatizebis dros es
venaxebi ise dauriges mosaxleobas, rom erTi heqtari
miwa rva-cxra glexzea danawilebuli da daqucmacebuli. Zalian didi farTobebi „daTreuli“ aqvT Zvel,
imdroindel Cinovnikebs: prokurorebs, miliciis ufrosebs, imdroindeli biurokratiuli aparatis TanamSromlebs, romlebic, dResac ki, „karg dros“ elodebian, rom es miwebi sarfianad gayidon. mTeli 20 wlis
ganmavlobaSi ki es unikaluri miwebi savenaxed ar gamoiyeneboda. ufro metic, mouvlelobis gamo arsebuli
venaxebic gaxma da saZovrad gadaiqca.
es aris zneobrivi, Tu ara samarTlebrivi danaSauli. aseTi unikaluri savenaxe miwis mocdena, romelsac saukeTeso yurZnis da Rvinis mocema SeuZlia, dauSvebelia!
amitomac aris saxelmwifos Careva saWiro. kanonia misaRebi, romelic gansazRvravs aseT miwebs, sadac, rogorc nakrZalSi ar SeiZleba ramis aSeneba, ise aqac akrZaluli iqneba venaxis garda sxva kulturis gaSeneba.
aseTi praqtika meRvineobis qveynebSi miRebulia. vazi
pasportizebulia bevrgan da mas kanoni icavs. CvenTanac
kanonma unda gansazRvros am miwebis pasportizacia, akrZalos aq vazis aWra da sxva kulturis gaSeneba!
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
11
ერო ვნუ ლი საქმე
ეროვნული
aseTi niadagebi mTeli qveynis, Cveni xalxis simdidre da sakuTrebaa, romelic RmerTma gviboZa da
aravis unda mivceT ufleba, rom es simdidre upatronod miagdos da gaaveranos.
aseTi adgilebi mTel saqarTveloSia, isini unda
aRiricxos da kanonmdeblobiT daregulirdes misi
gamoyenebis pirobebi. mepatrones romelic aseT miwas ar uvlis, igi iZulebiT unda CamoerTvas.
ai es aris gasakeTebeli. amiT unda daviwyoT da mere unda SevuwyoT xeli miwebis aTvisebas. es saxelmwifo programaSi unda gaiweros.
saqarTveloSi, rogorc Salva gvaramaZe mixsnis, axali Rvinis qarxnebis aSenebis aucilebloba ar dgas,
radgan qveyanaSi ukve bevri Rvinis kargi qarxanaa, magram es qarxnebi mTeli simZlavriT ver muSaobs.
rogorc wesi, didi qarxnebi yurZnis moyvaniT ar
arian dainteresebulni. ucxoeTSi es praqtika didi
xania moqmedebs. maT mevenaxe fermerebTan aqvT dadebuli kontraqti da maTgan iZenen yurZens, Tanac
yurZnis moyvanis mTel process TviTon akvirdebian
da akontroleben.
yurZnis mosavali erT heqtarze ar SeiZleba 10 tonas
aRematebodes. es SezRudvebi CvenTanacaa, magram aravin uyurebs, piriqiT, glexebi cdiloben, rac SeiZleba meti mosavali moiwion. Cemma mezobelma gasul wels
heqtarze 21 tona mosavali miiRo, sixaruliT aRar iyo.
frangebs rom es uTxra, gaukvirdeba, gaicinebs: aseTi
yurZniT ra Rvino unda daamzadoTo. aseTi ukontrolo mevenaxeoba unda dasruldes saqarTveloSi.
CvenTan aravin akontrolebs imas, riT wamlavs
glexi venaxs! bunebrivia, igi cdilobs iafi Sxam-qimikati iyidos, naklebi daxarjos. Semdeg ase uxarisxo, xSirad mavnebeli wamlebiT moyvanili yurZnis
yidvas aiZuleben qarxnebs. aseTi yurZnisgan kargi
Rvino ver damzaddeba.
saxelmwifo valdebulia Seqmnas kanonmdebloba
iseTi, romelic am sakiTxs daaregulirebs.
SarSan, rac moxvdaT xelT, dampali yurZenic ki miaRebines qarxnebs, Semdeg meRvineebi wuxdnen, Rvino
ar mSviddebao. ra daamSvidebs aseTi yurZnisgan dayenebul Rvinos.
saxelmwifom meRvineebs cudi yurZnis Sesyidva ki
ar unda daaZalos, aramed kanonmdeblobiT uzrunvelyos, rom produqciis xarisxianoba iyos daculi,
xolo stiqiuri ubedurebiT dazianebuli yurZeni
Rvinis qarxanaSi ar unda moxvdes.
aseve Zalze principuli sakiTxia, Rvinis falsificirebis problema. qveyanaSi kanoniT unda aikrZalos
kustarulad damzadebuli Rvinoebis sertificirebis
gareSe gayidva! aseTi Rvinoebi xSirad mosaxleobis
masobriv daavadebas iwvevs, radgan umetesad yurZnis
nacvlad iseTi saSualebebiTaa damzadebuli, rac am
sasmels Rvinos asgavsebs da momxmarebeli tyuvdeba.
am saqmeSi qarTvelebi kargad daostatebulni varT.
ufro metsac getyviT, kardenaxSi glexTa didi nawili gaWirvebis gamo yurZnis mTel mosavals hyidis,
TavisTvis ki ver itovebs yurZens xarisxiani Rvinis
dasamzadeblad, mere qarxnidan gamowuruli WaWa miaqvs, Saqars amatebs da Rvinos akeTebs. amitom vambob,
12
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
saqarTvelos mosaxleobaSi arsebuli Rvinis didi nawili Rvino ar aris, es aris falsificirebuli sasmeli,
romelic Trobas da mowamvlas iwvevs.
e.w. „paxmelia“ sxva araferia, Tu ara organizmis reaqcia mavne nivTierebebiT mowamvlaze. aseTi sasmelis
damzadeba qveyanaSi kanoniT unda aikrZalos, radgan
is xalxs aavadebs da qarTul Rvinos saxels utexs.
Cvenda savalalod TbilisSi Zalian bevri restorani normaluri Camosasxmeli Rvinis nacvlad saeWvo Semadgenlobis sasmels yidis. analogiuri mdgomareobaa mTel qveyanaSic.
istoriul saqarTveloSi mcneba „paxmelia“ ar arsebobda, da arc amis zusti Sesatyvisi sityva gvaqvs
leqsikonSi. is rusuli enidan aris Semosuli. cudma,
gakeTebulma Rvinom icis „paxmelia“, radgan organizmi iwamleba, meore dRes arafris keTebis Tavi ar
aqvs adamians, radgan mowamlulia da xSirad mkurnalobac ki sWirdeba.
qveyanaSi narkotikis moyvana-damzadeba-moxmareba xom aris akrZaluli?! ratom ar unda aikrZalos
falsificirebuli Rvinis damzadeba da gayidva, gana
is nakleb zians ayenebs mosaxleobas?!
saqarTveloSi samudamod daviwyebas unda mieces gakeTebuli Rvinis mcneba. amisaTvis ki saWiroa,
sadResaswaulo darbazebSi, restornebSi, sazogadoebrivi kvebis obieqtebSi falsificirebuli Rvinis gayidva aikrZalos. es advili gasakeTebelia. es
Tu moxdeba, maSin dauyovnebliv gaizrdeba yurZnis
fasi, dafasdeba mevenaxis Sroma. saqarTveloSi imis
sakmarisi rezervebi gvaqvs, rom pirvel rigSi Cveni
mosaxleoba kargi RviniT vuzrunvelvyoT.
Cveni boTlis Rvinoebi Zalian kargia, magram mosaxleobisTvis igi fasiT Znelad xelmisawvdomia.
Camosasxmeli Rvinoebi ki gacilebiT iafia da Tu mis
xarisxzec vizrunebT, ndobas aRvudgenT, kargadac
gaiyideba. saxelmwifom mkacrad unda gaakontrolos Rvinis xarisxi. qarxanas ar unda misces ufleba
cudi Rvino awarmoos, xolo sazogadoebas — „saSualeba“ cudi Rvino svas!
esaubra
SoTa maWaraSvili.
მარტი, 2013
ღია წერილი
es imdenad saCqaro da saSuri saqmea,
rogori didi ambiciac aqvs qveyanas,
ganaviTaros soflis meurneoba
saqarTvelos premier-ministrs,
baton biZina ivaniSvils!
„vardebis xelisuflebis“ periodSi sasoflo-sameurneo universitetis Senobebis xelSi Cagdebis mizniT, im motiviT, rom TiTqos gaumjobesdeboda universitetis materialur-teqnikuri baza, TanamSromelTa socialuri mdgomareoba, sasoflo-sameurneo
da zooveterinaruli universitetebi gaerTianda,
ramac zooveterinaruli universitetis saswavlo
da kvleviTi seqtoris unikaluri laboratoriebis,
bunebrivi saTib-saZovrebis pasportizaciis uZvirfasesi masalebis, rukebis, pasportebis ganadgureba
gamoiwvia. inventaris gadmotanis procesSi gaiZarcva laboratoriebi da daimtvra avejic. „mosamzadebel periodSi” Tanmimdevrulad mimdinareobda sasoflo-sameurneo universitetis qonebis ganiaveba.
momdevno etapze gaerTianebuli agraruli universiteti sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirad (ssip)
gardaiqmna. amave periodSi, rogorc cnobilia, prezidentis brZanebulebiT igi saCuqrad benduqiZes
gadaeca. Semdeg ki universiteti ukve arakomerciul, arasamewarmeo iuridiul pirad gardaiqmna (aip).
universitetebis gaerTianebis procesSi „Camoiwera”
Rvawlmosili mecnierebi, akademikosebi da profesorebi, romelTa mxrebze idga agraruli sfero (akademikosebi p. nasyidaSvili, g. aglaZe, o. zardaliSvili,
g. caguriSvili da mravali sxva) maT „politikuri” undobloba gamoucxades. pirvel xanebSi isini, TiTqosda,
konsultantebad gadaiyvanes, magram male umetesobas
amazec ki uari uTxres da saxsrebis uqonlobis motiviT, saerTod gaanTavisufles. damoukidebeli, Zlieri saxelmwifos mSeneblobis saqmeSi Rvawlmosili,
damsaxurebuli profesura momavali specialistebisa
da samecniero kadrebis aRzrdis saqmeSi ZiriTadi bazisi unda gamxdariyo, TiToeuli imsaxurebda Tundac
emeretusis wodebis miniWebas, magram uklebliv yvela
uapelaciod da yovelgvari axsna- ganmartebis gareSe, mourideblad (am sityvis pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT)
universitetidan gayares.
amiTac ar dakmayofildnen da Semdeg universitets
agraruli mimarTulebis 14 samecniero-kvleviTi instituts SeuerTes da am institutebis TanamSromelTa
90% gaanTavisufles. motivacia arc amjerad Secvlila:
— samecniero-kvleviTi muSaobis gaumjobeseba da TanamSromelTa xelfasebis zrda. realurad ki aRniSnuli gaerTianebis mizani kvleviTi institutebis Senobebis da
maTi kuTvnili miwis nakveTebis misakuTreba da gayidva
gaxldaT, rac warmatebiT ganxorcielda kidec.
uaRresad Seuracxmyofeli formiT da kanonis ugulebelyofiT universitetis akademiur sabWos Tavs
moaxvies reqtoris kandidatura. universitetis wesმარტი, 2013
debis mixedviT reqtori sakonkurso arCevnebis gziT
unda arCeuliyo, magram reqtoris gamocxadebul konkursamde erTi kviriT adre reqtoris movaleobis Semsrulebeli aiZules gadamdgariyo, ris gamoc reqtoris Tanamdebobaze gamocxadebuli konkursi CaiSala.
sanacvlod saministrom universitets SesTavaza iseTi reqtoris kandidatura, romelsac arc am umaRles
saswavlebelTan da arc soflis meurneobasTan aranairi kavSiri ar qonda, Sesabamisad, arc samecniero xarisxi gaaCnda. arada, universitetis wesdebis mixedviT, reqtoris Tanamdebobas ikavebs sakonkurso wesiT
arCeuli piri, romelsac dargis Sesabamisi profilis
ganaTleba da samecniero xarisxi aqvs. gamocxadda ganmeorebiTi konkursi — farsi, magram sakonkurso vadis
damTavrebamde erTi kviriT adre, isev wesdebis uxeSi
darRveviT dainiSna reqtori. axlad daniSnulma reqtorma daniSvnisTanave gaauqma warmomadgenlobiTi da
akademiuri sabWoebi, universitetis marTvis ZiriTadi
iuridiuli organoebi da „benduqiZis wesdebiT” sakuTari-erTpirovnuli mmarTveloba SemoiRo.
vidre es operacia ganxorcieldeboda universitetis akademiuri sabWo sruli SemadgenlobiT orjer
daibares ganaTlebis saministroSi, sadac maT ganumartes, rom universitetSi movidoda axali reqtori, rac saxelmwifo interesebiT iyo ganpirobebuli, rom es, TiTqosda, gaaumjobesebda kadrebis momzadebis dones, kerZo investorisa da saxelmwifos
erToblivi dafinansebiT mniSvnelovnad gazrdida
universitetis biujets. unda aRiniSnos, rom bolo
SeTanxmebac, iseve rogorc sxva danarCeni, farsi aRmoCnda (universitetis dafinanseba amJamadac emyareba mxolod studentTa gadasaxadebs, xolo remonti saxelmwifo biujetidan gamoyofili TanxebiT Catarda, amis Sesaxeb TviTon prezidentmac ganacxada
universitetSi stumrobis dros).
TanamSromelTa uapelacio gaSveba arc SemdgomSi
Sewyvetila, rac yovelgvari kanonierebis dacviT,
profesor-maswavlebelTa da mecnierTa damcirebis fonze xorcieldeboda. amjerad, amas atestacia
daedo safuZvlad. akademiuri personalis gegmiuri
atestacia 2013 wlis seqtemberSi unda Catarebuliyo, magram kanons aravin aqcevda yuradRebas.ukanono
atestacias SemTxveviTi pirovnebebi, araspecialistebi, mowveuli pirebi atarebdnen. maTTvis sasurveli kandidaturebis SerCevisas komisiaSi Seyvanili profesionalebis daskvna aravis ainteresebda.
amgvarad, universitetSi darCenil TanamSromelTa
mniSvnelovan nawils, saxsrebis uqonlobis sababiT,
uxelfaso Svebulebaze gancxadebis dawera aiZules
da sabolood gauSves universitetidan.
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
13
ღია წერილი
kvalificiuri akademiuri personalis daTxovnis Semdeg saswavlo procesi ZiriTadad arakvalificiuri
pedagogebis xelSi moeqca. mizanmimarTulad gauqmda
fundamentaluri specialobebi. dRes agronomiul fakultetze ar funqcionirebs mevenaxeobis, mexileobis
da mebostneobis specialobebic ki. zooteqnikuri da
veterinaruli specialobebi gaurkveveli statusiT
arsebobs da raoden gasakviric unda iyos, mecxoveleobis dargis specialistebis momzadeba sakvebwarmoebis sagnis swavlis gareSe xdeba. saswavlo gegmaSi aseTi
lafsusebi mravladaa, ris gamoc axalgazrda specialistTa momzadebis saqme Cavardnilia. dro ki ar iTmens. 5 weliwadic ar dasWirdeba, rom agrarul sferoSi
“benduqiZismieri” gardaqmnis Sedegad qveyanas kadri
aRar yavdes. deficiti ukve SeimCneva. unda aRiniSnos,
rom universitetis xelSi Cagdebis, „mosamzadebel” periodSi, winaswari ganzraxviT xeli eSleboda universitetis abiturientebiT dakompleqtebas.
ganadgurda didi ZalisxmeviT Seqmnili sacdeli
bazebi, veterinaruli klinika, sacdeli cxovelebi
da rac mTavaria unikaluri biblioTeka.
Tu uaxloes momavalSi, saswrafod ar moxda universitetis struqturis Zireuli reorganizacia,
SemorCenili kvalificiuri akademiuri personalis
da dargis specialistebis gadarCena, saqarTveloSi agraruli ganaTlebis miReba SeuZlebeli iqneba.
amitom, pirvel rigSi, unda izeimos samarTlianobam,
damcirebul mecnierebs aRudges kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli statusi.
moiZebnos da dasaqmdes qarTveli sasoflo-sameurneo mecnierebis is darCenili kontigenti, romlebsac SemoqmedebiTi SemarTeba ar daukargavs da
mzad arian kvalificiuri kadrebis momzadebasa da
samecniero-kvlevebis gonivrulad warmarTvaSi qveyanas didi samsaxuri gauwion.
es imdenad saCqaro da saSuri saqmea, ramdenadac didi ambicia aqvs qveyanas ganaviTaros soflis meurneoba. maRalkvalificiuri kadrebis, maRali donis samecniero muSaobis gareSe, soflis meurneoba ver ganviTardeba. amitom agrarul ganaTlebas am sferoSi
qveynis miznebis Sesabamisi yuradReba unda mieqces,
sasurveli Sedegi, mxolod am SemTxvevaSi dadgeba.
jemal jinWaraZe,
soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa doqtori,
agraruli universitetis yofili profesori.
მოსაზ რე ბა
მოსაზრება
sa qar T ve los sof lis
me ur ne o bis gan vi Ta re bis Se sa xeb
soflis meurneoba qveynis ekonomikis umniSvnelovanesi nawilia
da mas qveynis mTliani erovnuli produqtis formirebaSi didi
adgili ukavia.
msoflios wamyvan qveynebSi soflis meurneobis warmoebis maRali done xelisuflebis nebaze da
Seqmnil garemozea damokidebuli.
am qveynebSi kargad aqvT gacnobierebuli, rom sasursaTo usafrTxoeba (uzrunvelyofa), Sida bazarze damkvidreba da saeqsporto
14
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
bazarze poziciebis ganmtkiceba
soflis meurneobis Tanamedrove
teqnologiebiT ganuviTareblad
warmoudgenelia. aRniSnulis dasturad isic sakmarisia, rom evrokavSiris biujetis soliduri
nawili — 50 miliard evroze meti,
yovelwliurad sasoflo-sameur-
neo warmoebasa da soflis ganviTarebaze ixarjeba.
msgavsi subsidirebis ganxorcielebis mizani soflad cxovrebis donis zrda, mosaxleobis
damagreba da sacxovrebeli pirobebis qalaqis donesTan gaTanabrebaa. es Zalian mniSvnelovani amocanaa da amitom, evrokavSirSi soflis meurneoba misi erTianobis umTavres qvakuTxedad
moiazreba.
მარტი, 2013
მოსაზრე ბა
მოსაზრება
CvenTvisac soflis siZliere
erovnuli identobis gadarCenis
erT-erTi aucilebeli winapirobaa. swored amis gaTvaliswinebiT
cdilobda ilia WavWavaZec qarTuli miwisa da soflis gadarCenas.
globaluri ekonomikis pirobebSi, rodesac sazRvrebi Riaa da
zRudeebi ar arsebobs, roca konkurenti qveynis soflis meurneoba saxelmwifosgan daxmarebas
iRebs, mZlavrad subsidirebulia,
sagangebo sapasuxo zomebis miuReblad maTTvis konkurenciis gaweva warmoudgenelia.
saqarTvelos soflis meurneoba
mravali problemisa da gamowvevis
winaSe dgas.
mTavari problemaa, rom dRemde
ar arsebobda dabalansebuli da
miznobrivi soflis meurneobis
politika. ar arsebobs neba Tu saiT unda wavides am sferos ganviTarebis veqtorebi.
erT statiaSi rTuli iqneba am
dargis mTeli politikis Camoyalibeba, Tumca, SevecdebiT gamovyoT SedarebiT ufro mniSvnelovani prioritetebi, romelTa mogvarebac qveynis soflis meurneobas
da uzrunvelyofs mis Seuqcevad
ganviTarebas stimuls miscems.zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT,
gamovarCev sasoflo-sameurneo
seqtorSi gansaxorcielebel pirveli rigis zogad amocanebs, romelTa Soris mniSvnelovania:
sasoflo-sameurneo sferoSi
mecnierebisa da ganaTlebis donis
amaRleba;
sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis warmoebis saSualebebze xelmisawvdomobis zrda;
sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis warmoebis, realizaciisa da
bazarze xelmisawvdomobis zrda.
TiToeuli amocana cal-calke
ganvixiloT:
I. sasoflo-sameurneo sferoSi
mecnierebisa da ganaTlebis ganviTareba.
aRniSnuli faqtori ukiduresad
mniSvnelovania da aucilebelia
erovnul faseulobebze da tradiciebze damkvidrebuli Zlieri,
konkurentunariani da Tanamedrove soflis meurneobis Camosayalibeblad.
მარტი, 2013
m amo
m canis
n s mi
m saR
s we
w vad um
mn
Svnen
am
niS
lovanesia, Semdegi RonisZiebebis
etapobrivad ganxorcieleba:
1. unda Seiqmnas mZlavri samecniero-kvleviTi centri, romelic SesaZlebelia moiazrebodes
soflis meurneobis saministros
sistemaSi. centri unda dakompleqtdes arsebuli kadrebis, gadamzadebuli kadrebisa da Tavdapirvel etapze - mowveuli ucxoeli konsultantebisagan;
2. zemoaRniSnuli samecnierokvleviTi centris CarTulobiT
mecnieruli kvlevisa da srulyofili statistikuri informaciis
(igulisxmeba, miwebis raodenoba,
mflobelebis raodenoba farTobebis zoma, klimaturi pirobebi,
sarwyavi sistemebis mdgomareoba,
niadagis xarisxi da sxva...) analizis safuZvelze, am sferoSi aSSsa da evrokavSiris gamocdilebis
gaziarebiTa da saSinao da sagareo
bazris moTxovnebisa da arsebuli
resursebis SesaZleblobebis maqsimaluri gaTvaliswinebiT, soflis meurneobis saministros mier
unda momzaddes qveynis soflis
meurneobis ganviTarebis 5 - 7 wliani gegma;
3. soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis gegmaSi calke unda gamoiyos da ganisazRvros:
a) sasursaTo uzrunvelyofis
programa, romelic mocemuli
periodisaTvis saqarTvelos sasursaTo
uzrunvelyofisaTvis
(usafrTxoebisaTvis) aucilebel
sasoflo-sameurneo nedleulTa
saxeobebs, maTi warmoebis moculobebs (raodenobas) da warmoebisaTvis aucilebeli Sesabamis miwis
farTobebs gansazRvravs. Sesabamisad, gegmiT unda ganisazRvros
s zo
z ne
n bi
b da fer
rm
rTa kategorir
is
mer
ebi, romlebic qveynis sasursaTo
uzrunvelyofis programaSi CaerTvebian.
b) marketinguli TvalsazrisiT
mizanSewonili da prioritetuli
kulturebis (igulisxmeba momgebiani produqtebi, romelTac sasursaTo uzrunvelyofisaTvis didi
mniSvneloba ara aqvT, magram ekonomiuri TvalsazrisiT maRalrentabeluria) regionis, zonisa Tu
mikrozonis masStabiT danergva;
4. soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis gegma unda asaxavdes soflis
meurneobis produqtebis iseTi moculobiT warmoebas, romlebic optimaluri an sakmarisi iqneba qveynis Sida (gadammuSavebeli simZlavreebis gaTvaliswinebiT) da saeqsporto (potencialisTvis) moTxovnilebebis
dasakmayofileblad.
prioritetuli kulturebis moyvanasTan dakavSirebiT, fermerebisaTvis Sesabamisi rekomendaciebis
gaweva, swored aseTi parametrebis
gaTvaliswinebiT unda moxdes.
5. saxelmwifo politikis mniSvnelovani mimarTuleba unda iyos:
a) gegmaSi gansazRvruli pirdapiri da iribi subsidirebis saxiT
sasursaTo uzrunvelyofisaTvis
aucilebeli produqtebis warmoebis saxelmwifo daxmarebaSi igulisxmeba axali teqnologiebiT
mosavlianobisa da nedleulis
xarisxis maqsimaluri zrda. magaliTisaTvis, xorbali, romelic
sasursaTo uzrunvelyofisaTvis
erT-erTi pirveli produqtia,
gacilebiT naklebadmomgebiania,
vidre nebismieri bostneuli kultura. aRniSnulis gamo, arsebuli
saWiroebebis gaTvaliswinebiTa
da saxelmwifos interesebidan gaaxali agraruli saqarTvelo
15
მოსაზრე ბა
მოსაზრება
m mdin
mom
nare,
r
fer
rm
meri
r saT
s vis
s un
nda
moxdes xorblis warmoebis stimulireba, raTa mas hqondes xorblis
moyvanis interesi. aRniSnuli zoma SesaZlebels gaxdis sasursaTo
uzrunvelyofis ganmtkicebasa da
am produqtebis importze qveynis damokidebulebis Semcirebas.
amasTan makroekonomikuri efeqtic meti iqneba, radgan gaizrdeba
dasaqmeba da valuta darCeba qveyanaSi;
b) sxva sasoflo-sameurneo produqtebTan dakavSirebiTac, Sesabamisi analizisa da mecnieruli
dasabuTebis safuZvelze, subsidirebis garkveuli sqemebis amoqmedeba.
6. saerTo konteqstSi unda ganixilos da yuradReba mieqces mecxoveleobis ganviTarebas. aucilebelia
Seiqmnas, gavrceldes da dainergos
mecnierul gaTvlebze dafuZnebuli mecxoveleobis ganviTarebis
gegmebi, sadac calke iqneba gaazrebuli TiToeuli regionis specifika da bazris moTxovnebidan da
adgilobrivi Taviseburebebidan
gamomdinare gaicema rekomendaciebi. yuradReba unda gamaxvildes sanaSene meurneobebis ganviTarebaze
da aborigenuli jiSebis gadarCenaze da gaumjobesebaze;
7. zemoaRniSnuli moqmedebebis
paralelurad, centralur, regionul da adgilobriv doneze,
permanentulad unda ganxorcieldes sistemuri, mizanmimarTuli, erTiani da mowesrigebuli
swavlebis komponenti, eqstencia.
swavlebis komponentis mTavari
wyaro unda iyos zemoaRniSnuli
samecniero-kvleviTi centri, xolo siaxleebis srulyofili danergvisaTvis da maTi adgilebze
misatanad aucilebelia gaixsnas
Tanamedrove fermerTa saxlebi;
8. saministros sistemaSi arsebuli samecniero-kvleviTi centris
specialuri kvleviTi da politikis samsaxurebi mudmivad unda amuSavebdnen msoflioSi mowinave siaxleebs da mas saqarTveloSi nergav-
dnen. Semdgom etapze ki, rodesac
gaZlierdeba adgilobrivi mecniereba da ganviTardeba sacdeli institutebi, siaxleebis SemuSaveba
unda daiwyos saqarTveloSic;
9. zemoaRniSnuli zomebis paralelurad, sawyis etapzeve, mecnierebis
komponentis gaZlierebis mizniT,
unda amoqmeddes ukve arsebuli specialistebis aRricxvisa da gadamzadebis programa, unda daiwyos saxelmwifo sagranto programebis
intensiuri reklamireba, romelic
daainteresebs da moizidavs agrarul specialobebze niWier abiturientebs. ganaTlebis komponentis
gaZlierebis TvalsazrisiT, amave
programis farglebSi, aseve mniSvnelovania studentebis sazRvargareT
gadamzadeba. es RonisZiebebi SesaZleblobas mogvcems, rom dawyebidan,
daaxloebiT, 5 wlis Semdeg, saqarTveloSi arsebobdes soflis meurneobis specialobebSi momzadebuli
pirebis srulyofili da sakmarisi
baza. kvalificiuri kadrebi ki winapirobaa teqnologiur-inovaciuri
ganviTarebisaTvis da yvela danarCeni zemoaRniSnuli RonisZiebebis
warmatebiT gansaxorcieleblad.
mamuka maTiaSvili,
samarTlis doqtori.
gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi.
ფერმერთათ ვის
ფერმერთათვის
atmis daavadebebi, mavneblebi da
mkurnalobis meTodebi
atmis foTlebis sixuWuWe
atmis foTlebis sixuWuWe aavadebs atmis yvela organos. ZiriTadia foTlebisa da ylortebis dazianeba. foTlis daavadeba vlindeba maisis meore naxevridan. Tavidanve iwyeba foTlis firfitis
daxuWuWeba. zog adgilas firfita iburceba, ris Sedegadac mTeli
firfita xuWuWdeba. dasawyisSi
mwvane ferisaa, Semdeg mkrTalde-
16
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
ba, xolo sabolood monacrisfro
fifqi gadaekvreba, zog adgilas
ki pigment antocianis gamoCenis
gamo mowiTalo feri gadahkravs.
damaxasiaTebeli isaa, rom foTlis firfita sqeldeba uxeSi da
advilad mtvrevadi xdeba. Zlieri
dazianebis dros foTlebi cviva.
naadrevad gacvenili foTlebis
adgilas, momavali wlis kvirtebis
xarjze axali foToli viTardeba,
მარტი, 2013
ფერმერთათვის
ris gamoc toti kargad ver viTardeba da zamTarSi wveri eyineba.
ylortebis daavadeba ufro
Zlieri formiT mimdinareobs.
ylorti sqeldeba, deformacias
ganicdis, igrixeba da sabolood
xmeba. am daavadebis mier miyenebuli zarali Zalian didia.
mkurnaloba: foTlis sixuWuWis
winaaRmdeg gamoiyeneba vegetaci3kg ha,
is dasawyisSi kauritili — 3kg/ha
0.7kg ha
Semdeg delani 0.7kg/ha
kurkovanTa
nacrisferi sidample
kurkovnebisaTvis
nacrisferi sidample aavadebs kurkovanTa yvela warmomadgenels: atams,
qliavs, bals, alubals da a.S
misi gamomwvevi organizmi specializebulia mxolod kurkovnebze da sxva kulturaze ar gadadis. ganviTarebiT waagavs vaSlis
nayofis sidamples (monoliozi),
magram es daavadebebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian. Teslovnebis
meWeWebi msxvilia, xolo kurkovnebis wvrili.
avaddeba kurkovnebis yvavili,
ylorti da momwifebuli nayofi.
yvavilebis daavadeba swrafad
mimdinareobs. daavadeba iWreba
naskvidan an yvavilis romelime
sxva adgilidan da iwvevs yvavilis
nacrisferi meWeWebiT ifareba.
sabolood nayofi mumificirdeba
mTlianad iWmuWneba da cviva.
mkurnaloba: nacrisferi sidamplis winaaRmdeg gamoiyeneba signumi 1.0 — 1.2 kg/ha
kg ha
atmis nacari
nacari aavadebs foTlebsa da
ylortebs, iSviaTad nayofebs. garegnulad nacrisTvis damaxasiaTebeli daavadebis Cveulebriv saxes iZleva. foTlebze nacrisferi
fifqi jer laqebis saxiTaa, Semdeg
ki ,mTlianad edeba mTel foTols,
daavadebuli foToli yviTldeba
da naadrevad cviva. daavadebis garegnuli pirveli niSnebi adreul
jiSebis ylortebze maisis meore
naxevridan iwyeba.
mkurnaloba: atmis nacris winaaRmdeg gamoiyeneba kumulusi —
5kg/ha
5kg
ha
kurkovanTa foTlebis
silaqave anu klasterosporozi
Wknobas, romelic Semdeg xmeba.
am stadiaSi nacrisferi sidample advili gamosacnobia. gamxmari
yvavilebi da foTlebi Sveulad
arian daSvebuli Zirs, mcenarezea
didxans SerCenili da ar cviva.
nayofebis daavadeba mxolod
simwifis periodSi xdeba. nayofi
umetes wilad mTlianad avaddeba. jer yavisferi xdeba, Semdeg
მარტი, 2013
klasterosporoziT
avaddeba
kurkovani xexilis yvela organo:
foTlebi, nayofebi da wvrili totebi.
daavadebis garegnuli saxe aseTia: foTlebze pirvelad Cndeba
patara, mrgvali, yavisferi laqebi, romelTa zoma xSirad 3-4
mm aRwevs. foTlis qsovilSi SeWrili miceliumi maSinve aRwevs.
foTlis qsovilSi SeWrili miceliumi klavs SemaerTebel qsovilebs, romlebic Semdgom iSleba,
kavSirs wyvets foTlis firfitis
saR qsovilebTan da advilad gamovardeba firfitidan, laqis adgilas mrgvali naxvretebi Cndeba.
Tu daavadeba Zlieria, foTlis
rfitaze
z bev
b ri
r laqa
q viTar
rdeba
b
fir
da iseT saxes iRebs TiTqos ganzrax iyos safantiT daxvretili an
mwerebis mier iyos dazianebuli.
nayofebis daavadebis dros imave
saxis laqebi Cndeba, rogorc foTolze da wvreli meWeWebiT ifareba.
foTlis yunwebsa da totebze
gaCenili laqebi mogrZoa, es totebis zrdis gagrZelebiT aixsneba, totebis daavadeba mniSvnelovania, radgan umTavresad muxlebi
ziandeba da kvirti xmeba.
Zlieri dazianebis dros totebze bzarebi Cndeba da webos denas
iwvevs.
mkurnaloba: klasteriosporozis winaaRmdeg gamoiyeneba signumi — 1.0 -1.2 kg/ha
kg ha
kurkovanTa kokomikozi
aavadebs mcenaris mwvane organoebs, umTavresad foTlebs. gazafxulze maisis bolos foTlebze viTardeba mrgvali an elifsiseburi wvrili foTlis zeda
mxareze gafantuli yavisferi
laqebi. zafxulSi laqebis ricxvi sakmaod swrafad matulobs da
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
17
ფერმერთათ ვის
ფერმერთათვის
qveda mxarezec sakmaod SesamCnevi
xdeba, maTi ganviTareba agvistosTvis maqsimums aRwevs. xSirad laqebis gaerTianeba xdeba, ris gamoc
foTlis firfitis didi nawili
xmeba da saasimilacio are mkveTrad mcirdeba.
Zlieri daavadebis dros iwyeba foTolcvena, xSirad imdenad
Zlieri, rom xeebi naxevrad an
mTlianad gaSiSvlebuli rCeba. xis
aseTi udroo gaSiSvleba iwvevs
momavali wlis kvirtebis gaRviZebas da axali foTlebis ganviTarebas, rasac mcenares asustebs, ver
mwifdeba wliuri totebi da yinvagamZleobas kargavs. zamTarSi advilad iyinebian.
mkurnaloba: kokomikozis winaaRmdeg gamoiyeneba signumi 1.0-1.2
kg/ha
kg
ha
foToli Tavis funqcias kargavs,
xmeba da Zirs cviva.
atmis crufariana
mkurnaloba: xexilis wiTeli
tkipas winaaRmdeg gamoiyeneba
kontaqtur-sistemuri inseqtici500g ha
di masai — 500g/ha
xexilis wiTeli tkipa
xexilis wiTeli tkipa polifagi mavnebelia, igi azianebs mraval xexilovan kulturas. xexilis
wiTeli tkipa zamTars atarebs
kvercxis fazaSi. ylortisa da
totebis kanze, kvirtis fuZesTan
an mis iRliaSi. xSirad kvercxebis raodenoba imdenia, rom xeze
wiTlad moCans. mozamTre kvercxebidan matlebis gamoCeka iwyeba
aprilis dasawyisidan, rac Tvenaxevars grZeldeba. axlad gamoCekili matlebi gadadian gaRivebul
kvirtebze, Semdeg ki yvavilebze
da axalgazrda foTlebze. matlebi mcenaris wveniT ikvebebian. tkipa swrafad mravldeba. igi wuwnis
foTlis SigTavss, ris Sedegadac
18
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
sa da gamravlebisTvis ufro xelsayrelia.
mkurnaloba — atmis bugris winaaRmdeg vegetaciis periodSi gamoml ha
iyeneba fastaki 0.3 ml/ha
atmis (Tambaqos) bugri
atmis bugri atmis garda azianebs zogierT xexils, bostneuls
da teqnikur kulturebs. (atami,
alubali, bali, gargari, Tambaqo,
kartofili, Warxali da a.S). bugri
garda mcenaris dazianebisa virusul daavadebasac avrcelebs.
bugri atamsa da sxva kurkovan
kulturebze zamTars ganayoferebuli kvercxis saxiT atarebs.
atmis safoTle kvirtebis gaSlisTanave iwyeba gamozamTrebuli
kvercxebidan matlebis gamoCeka,
romlebic foTlebiTa da ylortebiT ikvebebian. bugrebi iZlevian 3-4 ufrTo parTenogenezur
Taobas. ivnisis bolos an ivlisis
dasawyisSi bugris koloniebSi
Cndebian frTiani formebi, romlebic atmidan gadadian sxva xexilovan da balaxovan mcenareebze
da sawyiss aZleven axali koloniebis warmoSobas.
bugrebis ganviTarebis optimaluri higroTermuli pirobebia haeris temperatura 23-250 da
fardobiTi tenianoba 70%. haeris
tenianobas da mkvebavi mcenaris
foTlis mdgomareobas arsebiTi
mniSvneloba aqvs bugris cxovrebaSi, riTac unda aixsnas is, rom
atmis bugri migracias awarmoebs
kurkovani kulturebidan Teslovnebze, bostneul da teqnikur
kulturebze, romelic misi kvebi-
atmis crufariana sakmaod didi zomisaa da 10 mm-s aRwevs.
axalgazrda crufarianas feri
muqi yviTelia, xolo xnieri crufariana mowiTalo yavisferia.
atmis crufariana azianebs mTel
rig kulturul, kontinentur da
suptropikul xexils.
matlebi saxldebian da ikvebebian foTlis qveda mxareze, mTavari ZarRvis gaswvriv. foToli
uferuldeba, rasac fotosinTezis procesis Seneleba mosdevs.
dazianebuli foTlebi yviTldeba
da Zirs cviva.
crufariana zamTrobs matlis
fazaSi. maradmwvane mcenareebze,
foTlis qveda mxridan, mTavari
ZarRvis gaswvriv, xolo foTolmcven mcenareebze ki gamerqnianebul organoebze.
atmis crufariana dasavleT saqarTveloSi or Taobas iZleva.
pirveli Taobis mdedrebi kvercxebs deben maisSi, xolo meore
Taoba seqtemberSi. aRmosavleT
saqarTveloSi erT Taobas gvaZlevs.
mkurnaloba — atmis crufarianas winaaRmdeg gamoiyeneba kvirtebis dabervamde oviproni — 2000
— 20 l/ha.
l ha. Semdeg bi-58 axali — 1.5
l/ha.
ha.
მარტი, 2013
კო ნსულ ტაცი ა
კონსულტაცია
salaTis moyvanis agroteqnika
salaTa sicivegamZle kulturaa. Tesli 4-5 gradusze
Rivdeba, aRmonaceni minus- 2, xolo zrdasruli mcenare
xanmokle droiT minus 5 gradus temperaturazec ar ziandeba. fesvTa sistema niadagis zeda fxvier fenaSi viTardeba. niadagis kargad damuSaveba mcenaris normaluri
zrda-ganviTarebis da maRali mosavlis miRebis winapirobas warmoadgens.
salaTa SesaZlebelia moyvanili iqnas, rogorcRia, ise — dacul gruntSi.
dacul gruntSi SeiZleba iyos miniT, polieTileniT an polikarbonatiT gadaxuruli. farTo gavrceleba miiRo polieTileniT gadaxurulma saTburebma. miniT gadaxuruli mxolod Zveli saTburebia
SemorCenili. saukeTesoa polikarbonatiT gadaxuruli saTburebi.
polieTileni unda iyos: antivirusuli, namis da
radiaciis damWeri, sxivgamanawilebeli, 200-300 mikronis sisqis, uZlebdes dawolas da Zilier qars.
saTburSi saWiroa substrati. igi SesaZlebelia
iyos: steriluri (mineraluri bamba, ceoliTi, vermikuliti, perliti). organuli (qoqosis boWko, naxerxi, namja,). niadagi sxvadasxva nazavebiT, ceotorfi,
torfi da nakeli, bostnis miwa da komposti da sxv.
substratis sisqe 20-25 sm unda iyos. hidroponika
(sxvadasxva nazavebi+sakvebi xsnarebi). aeroponika
(wyali da sakvebi xsnarebi).
niadagis gruntis Termuli damuSaveba cxeli orTqliT an qimiuri damuSaveba (bazamidi, vidati) aucilebelia yovelwliurad Tu ara 2 weliwadSi erTxel
mainc.
salaTis jiSebi: cnobilia salaTis Taviani (aisbergis tipi) da foTlovani jiSebi agreTve hibridebi.
Taviani jiSebia: barselona, galera, kuala, kelvini,
fireti, naneti, krispino, da sxv.
foTlovani jiSebia: lifli, rizoto, esmeralda,
jolara, remus, torpedo, dobra, grini, aficioni da
sxv. es jiSebi gamoirCevian maRali mosavlianobiT,
moyvanis sxvadasxva periodiT, imunurobiT, produqciis maRali xarisxiT.
zamTar-gazafxulis periodSi dacul gruntSi mosayvanad saukeTesoa Taviani salaTis jiSebi, sanora,
polina, tetisi, barselona, galeri, kuala. barselonas mosavlianoba 1 ha-ze 70-80 aTasi mcenaris dargvisas 30-50 tonas Sedgens.
foTlovani salaTis jiSebidan am periodSi moiyvaneba: lifli, legenda. liflis mosavlianoba 1 ha-ze
110-130 aTasi mcenaris dargvisas 25-30 tonas Sedgens.
Ria gruntSi mosayvanad kargia: iustina, avangardi,
konata, padana da sxv.
salaTis moyvana SesaZlebelia: CiTilis dargviT,
pirdapir gruntSi TesviT, mcire moculobis konteinerebSi, hidroponikaSi, aeroponikaSi. (kultureმარტი, 2013
bis moyvana sahaero sivrceSi, niadagis gareSe. wyalSi gaxsnili sakvebi mcenares aerozoliT (Sxefebad)
miewodeba). vertikalur konstruqciebSi, Cveulebriv gruntSi.
salaTa did moTxovnilebas uyenebs niadagis nayofierebas. moTxovnilebis mixedviT igi mesame adgilzea bolokis da satacuris Semdeg. ver itans niadagSi mineraluri sasuqebis (marilebis) maRal koncentracias. sasuqebis Setanis dozebi mkacrad unda iqnas
daculi.
erT tona produqciis warmoebisaTvis salaTas niadagidan gamoaqvs azoti 3, fosfori, 1,75, kaliumi
5,0, kalciumi 2,0, magniumi 0,5 kg sufTa nivTierebaze
gaangariSebiT.
salaTis warmoebisaTvis aucilebelia winaswar gakeTdes niadagis agroqimiuri gamokvleva, ganisazRvros misaRebi produqciis raodenoba da amis safuZvelze moxdes niadagSi mineraluri sasuqebis Setanis dozebis gansazRvra.
salaTa sinaTlis moyvarulia, Tumca aris jiSebi,
romelTa moyvana SesaZlebelia dabali ganaTebis pirobebSic.
zamTar-ga zafxulis periodSi da cul gruntSi
sa la Tis moyva nisaTvis CiTilebis misa Rebad Teslis da Tesva xdeba dekembris bo los ianvris dasawyisSi. sa Wiroa CiTilebis da ma tebiTi danaTeba.
Ria gruntSi droebiTi safaris qveS moyvanis dros
Teslis daTesva xdeba Tovlis aRebisTanave. am dros
safaris gamoyeneba aucilebelia wayinvebisagan aRmonacenis dacvis mizniT. salaTis Ria gruntSi daTesvis bolo vadaa ivlisis bolo agvistos dasawyiaxali agraruli saqarTvelo
19
ს ა კ ო ნსულტციო
საკონსულტციო
ნსულტციო ს
სამსახ
სამსახური
ამსახური
si. zafxulSi moyvanisaTvis saukeTesoa grili klimati, mTa da maRali mTa.
CiTilebis miReba. rentabeluria CiTilebis gamoyvana torfis abebSi an kasetebSi zomiT 5X5 sm. saCiTle
nazavi mzaddeba sxvadasxva komponentebis SereviT.
kargia gadamwvari nakeli an komposti da torfis nazavi SefardebiT 1:1. torfis da perlitis nazavi SefardebiT 1:1. naxerxis da mdinaris qviSis nazavi SefardebiT 3:1. yovel 10 kg SerCeeul nazavs daemateba
kompleqsuri mineraluri sasuqi mag. nitroamofoska
15.15.15. 30-40 grami. kasetebis an qoTnebis Sevsebis
Semdeg daiTeseba Tesli 0,5 sm siRrmeze. daTesvis Semdeg Catardeba morwyva Cveulebrivi wyliT. aRmocenebis Semdeg kviraSi 2-3 jer Catardeba kristalonis
0,2%-iani (20gr 10 l wyalSi) xsnariT morwyva.
mikroklimati. CiTilebis gamoyvana xdeba saTburebSi. haeris temperatura aRmocenebamde unda iyos
18-20 gradusi, aRmocenebis Semdeg dRisiT — 16-18,
RamiT — 14-15 gradusi. CiTilebis danaTeba xdeba
aRmocenebidan 3 dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi mudmivad.
Semdeg danaTebis xangrZlivoba mcirdeba 14-16 saaTamde. danaTebis intensivoba 6000 luqsia. dekemberianvarSi gadasargavad saukeTesoa 30 dRiani CiTili,
gvian vadebSi gadasargavad 23-25 dRiani CiTili.
niadagi. niadagis momzadebaSi igulisxmeba sasuqebis niadagSi CakeTeba, niadagis gafxviereba, tendamagrovebeli morwyva. herbicidebis gamoyeneba. niadagSi sakvebi elementebis optimaluri Semcveloba
unda iyos — azoti 35-50, fosfori — 20-30, kaliumi40-60, kalciumi — 30-45, magniumi — 15-20 mg 100 gr niadagSi. niadagis xsnaris rekomendirebuli koncentraciaa 0,5-0,8 milisimensi. (200 mg KCL 100g niadagSi
damRupvelia. niadagis reaqcia Ph =7.
salaTis moyvana SesaZlebelia sakveb substratebze wveTovani morwyviT, agreTve hidroponikaSi rogorc wylis kultura.
dargva. sawarmoo saTburebSi da Ria gruntSi dargva xdeba 25-30X25-30 sm sqemiT Wadrakulad. erT
kvadratul metrze- 11-16 mcenare.
20
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
rac ufro didia mcenaris foTlis rozet miT ufro did kvebis areze irgveba Citi
T li. gadargvis Semdeg mcenareebi kargad
Ti
u da moirwyas. temperatura saTburSi unun
d iyos: dRe 16-18, Rame 14-16 gradusi. hada
eris tenianobis optimaluri maCvenebelia
7
75-80
%, niadagisa 60-70%. naxSirorJangis
k centraciis 0,15-0,20%-iT momateba 15kon
2
20%-iT
zrdis mosavlianobas.
polieTileniT gadaxuruli martivi
t pis dacul gruntSi salaTis kompaqtuti
r foTlovani jiSebi 17X17, xolo farri
T foTlovani jiSebi 20X20 sm-ze irgveba.
Te
m nareebis morwyva xdeba iSviaTad, Tummce
c uxvad 10 mm-mde. saukeTesoa wveTovani
ca
m wyva. mcenareebs wyalTan erTad miemor
w deba saWiro sakvebi nivTierebebi.
wo
intensiuri teqnologiiT CiTilebis
d gva xdeba TeTri feris mulCze. igi
dar
i
inar
Cunebs niadagis tenianobas, aumjobesebs mcenareebis ganaTebas.
Ria gruntSi salaTis dargva kargia iseTi winamorbedebis Semdeg, sadac gamoyenebuli iyo organuli
sasuqi. gazafxulis kulturis SemTxvevaSi salaTa
ukeTesia darguli iqnas yvavilovani kombostos da
sxva siTbosmoyvaruli kulturebis Semdeg.
Ria gruntSi salaTa iTeseba sezonis ganmavlobaSi
ramdenimejer adre gazafxulidan dawyebuli. Tesva SesaZlebelia bostneulis saTesi punqtirebuli
saTesiT. erT kvadratul metrze ganTavsdeba 7-12
mcenare. gruntSi pirdapiri Tesvisas Tesvis normaa
1-1,5 kg/ha-ze, CiTilis misaRebad ki — 1 kg/ha-ze.
rigTaSoris manZili 45 sm. CaTesvis siRrme 0,5-1 sm.
gruntSi naTesis aRmocenebidan 14 dRis Semdeg xdeba pirveli gameCxereba, mcenareTa Soris rCeba 5 sm.
roca mcenare gaikeTebs 4-5 foTols xdeba meore gameCxereba. mcenareTa Soris manZili 20-30 sm-ia. gamonaxSiri konebad ikvreba sarealzaciod. naTesebis
movlaSi igulisxmeba, niadagis gafxviereba, sarevelebTan brZola, morwyva.
salaTis kveba gruntze.
1 ha-ze 30 tona mosavlis misaRebad, SeTvisebis koeficientis gaTvaliwinebiT sufTa nivTierebaze gaangariSebiT saWiroa:
azoti — 30X3X1,2 = 108 kg; fosfori 30X1,75X2 = 105
kg; kaliumi 30X5X1,7 = 255 kg; kalciumi 30X2 = 60 kg
fizikur wonaSi gadaTvliT saWiroa:
kaliumis gvarjila (K2O 13,5%, P2O 5 45,5%) — 500 kg;
mono amoniumis fosfati (NN 12%, P2O5 61%) — 170 kg;
kalciumis gvarjila (NN 15,5%, CaO 26,5%) — 230 kg.
koreqtireba moxdeba niadagSi arsebuli sakvebi nivTierebebis raodenobis mixedviT. mocemuls gamoakldeba niadagSi arsebuli sakvebis raodenoba.
salaTis kveba sakveb substratze.
wveTovani morwyviT 1 ha-ze 30 tona mosavlis misaRebad, SeTvisebis koeficientis gaTvaliwinebiT
sufTa nivTierebaze gaangariSebiT saWiroa:
azoti — 30X3X1,1 = 100 kg; fosfori 30X1,75X1,6 = 84
kg; kaliumi 30X5X1,3 = 195 kg; kalciumi 30X2 = 60 kg.
მარტი, 2013
fizikur wonaSi gadaTvliT saWiroa:
kaliumis gvarjila (N-13,5%, K2O-45,5%) — 428 kg;
mono amoniumis fosfati (N N-12%, P2O5-61%) — 138 kg;
kalciumis gvarjila (NN-15,5%, CaO 26,5%) — 230 kg.
sarevelebTan da mavne organizmebTan brZola.
gruntSi moyvanisas salaTa ziandeba: fesvis sidampleebiT, foTlebis silaqaviT, nacriT, bugrebiT,
bostanaTi, mavTula WiebiT, xvatariT. maT winaaRmdeg gamoiyeneba: fungicidebi da inseqticidebi, xolo sarevelebis winaaRmdeg totaluri da seleqciuri moqmedebis herbicidebi.
mosavlis aReba. dacul gruntSi Taviani salaTis
aReba erTjeradad xdeba. Ria gruntSi — Tavebis
formirebis mixedviT. dagvianeba dauSvebelia. rozeti mTlianad iWreba ZirSi. foTlovani salaTis
aReba xdeba fesvebiT, niadagis dabertyviT.
qveda foTlebi moeWreba da mWidrod Calagdeba
yuTebSi. pirveli rigi rozetiT zemoT, zeda rigi
rozetiT qvemoT. Ria gruntSi moyvanisas salaTis
aReba SerCeviT xdeba. saadreo salaTis mosavali
erT kv. metrze 1,5-2 kg-ia.
gazafxulis periodSi mosavali erT kvadratul
metr farTobze Seadgens 3-4 kg-s.
nugzar Sengelia,
soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa doqtori.
wve To va ni mor wy va
dResdReobiT, rodesac mTel msoflioSi sul ufro aqtualuri xdeba wylis resursebis simcire, soflis meurneobis warmoebis intensifikacia, sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis degradireba da a.S. sul
ufro met datvirTvas iZens Tanamedrove sarwyavi sistemebis gamoyeneba. erT-erTi maTgani wveTovani morwyvaa. es aris rwyvis iseTi organizacia, rodesac wylis Setana niadagSi uSualod mcenaris fesvTa sistemasTan xdeba. mcire dozebiT morwyvisas, dReSi ramdenjerme, mcenareebi ukeTesad iTviseben wyals da sakveb elemenetebs, amave dros narCundeba niadagis haertevadoba, rac mcenareebs normalurad funqcionirebis saSualebas aZlevs. imis gamo, rom wveTovani morwyviT wylisa
da sakvebi elementebis Setana xdeba uSualod mcenaris fesvTa sistemasTan, sarevela mcenareebisaTvis iqmneba ufro naklebad xelsayreli garemo. wylis Tanabari ganawilebidan gamomdinare gamoricxulia
calkeuli ubnebis zedmetad datenianeba, an urwyavad darCena.
wveTovan morwyvas mTeli rigi
upiratesobani gaaCnia:
am dros izrdeba mosavlianoba;
mcirdeba an TiTqmis mTlianad
gamoricxulia niadagis eroziuli procesebi;
mkveTrad mcirdeba SromiTi danaxarjebi erTeuli farTobis mosarwyavad;
2-3 jer mcirdeba wylisa da sasuqebis danaxarjebi;
izrdeba mcenareebis mier sakvebi elementebis gamoyenebis efeqturoba (80 %-mde), ar xdeba niadagis damlaSeba.
SesaZlebelia morwyva dRe-Ramis nebismier dros, romlis drosac gamoricxulia mcenareTa mziT
damwvroba;
wveTovani sarwyavi sistemis agebuleba: am sistemis ZiriTad elementad sawveTurebi gvevlineba
(mowyobiloba wylis dozirebuმარტი, 2013
lad misawodeblad). sawveTurebi
SeiZleba iyos kompensirebuli da
arakompensirebuli.
kompensirebul
sawveTurebs
wnevis farTo diapazonSi fiqsi-
rebuli warmadobis SesaZlebloba aqvT. xolo arakompensirebuli
sawveTurebis gamoyenebisas, wnevis mometebis SemTxvevaSi wylis
danaxarjebic izrdeba. konstruqciulad arCeven integrirebul
(milis SigniT moTavsebuli) da
araintegrirebul (milis gareT
moTavsebuli) sawveTurebs.
kompensirebuli sawveTurebis
gamoyenebas ZiriTadad bostenuli kulturebis sawarmoeblad
mimarTaven. isini sagrZnobi sigrZisa da daxrilobis nakveTebze gamoiyeneba, aseT nakveTbze kompensirebuli sawveTurebis gamoyeneba yvelaze metad gamarTlebuli
da rekomendirebulia.
arakompensirebul sawveTurebs
iyeneben, rodesac magistralis
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
21
s r
sig
rZ
Ze mok
m lea, da wne
wn vis
s cvalebadoba magistralis sigrZeze didad ar moqmedebs sawveTurebidan
wylis xarjvaze.arakompensirebuli sawveTurebi SedarebiT mokle
distanciaze da swori reliefis
pirobebSi gamoiyeneba (sxva da sxva
mwarmoeblebis sawveTurebisTvis
es manZili ramdenime aTeulidan,
aseul metramde SeiZleba meryeobdes).
integrirebuli
sawveTurebi
sarwyav milSi SeiZleba ganalgebuli iyos erTmaneTisagan sxvadasxva distanciiT, es damokidebulia
Tavad im produqtze, romlis warmoebisTvisacaa gankuTvnili. maTi
distancia sxvadasxva bostneuli
kulturebisaTvis SeiZleba meryeobsdes 0, 3 m-dan 0,8-m-de, rac damokidebulia, Tavad sawarmoebel
produqtze.
garda amisa sawveTurebi (rogorc kompensirebuli aseve arakompensirebuli) erTmaneTisagan
gansxvavdebian wylis xarjvis raodenobiT, igi sakmaod did diapazonSi SeiZleba meryeobdes 0,6-0,8
l/sT-dan 3-4 l/sT-mde. sawveTurebis wyalgamtarobis SerCeva
xdeba Sesabamisad sawarmoebeli
kulturis da niadagobriv-klimaturi pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
wveTovani sistemis gamoyenebisaTvis didi mniSvenloba aqvs
wylis xarisxs da gansakuTrebiT
masSi myari minarevebis arsebobas,
amitom mimarTaven mis aucilebel
filtracias, amisaTvis gamoiyene-
22
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
b filtara
r ciis
s ram
r mdeni
n me
m sa
s feba
xuri — gravilis, hidrocikluri,
diskuri, badiseburi da maTi kombinaciebi. gravilis filtrebSi,
gamfiltrav masalad gvevlineba
xreSis speciluri fraqcia, romelsac wylis gafiltvra SeuZlia. igi gamoiyeneba Ria wyalsatevebidan wylis aRebisas. misi gamorecxva wylis Wavlis ukuqceviT
xdeba. masSi gamoiyeneba RorRis
ori fraqcia, msxvili 1,2-2,4 mm da
wvrili fraqcia 0,5-0,8 mm. (WaburRilis an Wis wylis sarwyavad gamoyenebisas sakmarisia diskuri an
badiseburi filtrebis gamoyeneba). diskuri filtrebi emsaxureba
wylidan organuli da araorganuli minarevebis mocilebas, isini Cveulebrivad eqvemdebarebian
wyliT garecxvas.
garda zemoTCamoTvlilisa, warmeobaSi aqtiurad gamoiyeneba wveTovani milebis saSualebiT mcenareTa gamokveba anu fertigacia.am
dros mimarTaven wyalSi advilad
xsnadi speciluri sasuqebis gamoyenebas, romlebic sxvadasxva
kombinaciiT iwarmoeba. mcenareTa gamokvebisaTvis mowyobilia
specialuri, avtomatizirebuli
gamxsneli da Semrevi sistemebi, romlebic TavisiT amzadeben
sxvadasxva sakvebnazavebs miTiTebuli programis mixedviT. aqve
regulirdeba miwodebuli wylis
da sakvebi xsnaris marilianoba,
mJavianoba da raodenoba. aqve montaJdeba wnevis maregulirebeli.
mcenareTa sxvadasxva saxeobebi, erTeuli mSrali nivTierebis
warmoqmnaze sxvadasxva raodenobis wyals xarjaven-amas ewodeba
mcenareTa transkrifciis koeficienti. Tumca, mxolod igi rodi
gansazRvravs kulturis moTxovnas wyalze.
sxvadasxva produqtebs gansxvavebuli transkrifciis koeficienti axasaiTebT. Warxali 400-450;
kitri 700-750; kartofili 620-700;
kombosto 540-600; sazamTro 600700, nesvi 620-700 da a.S.
sasoflo-sameurneo kulturaTa wyliT uzrunvelyofis sakiTxSi didi adgili ukavia niadagis moculobas, romelsac kulturuli
mcenaris fesvTa sistema moicavs.
rac ufro metia es moculoba, miT
ukeT maragdeba mcenareebi wyliT
da sakvebi elemetnebiT. bostneuli kulturebis umetesoba,
rogorc wesi xasiaTdeba mcired
ganviTarebuli zedapiruli fesvTa sistemiT da Sesabamisad, isini
saWiroebs ufro xSir morwyvas.
sarwyavi wveTovani milebi ukavSirdeba magistralur mils da
lagdeba erTmaneTis paralelurad, isini SeiZleba iyvnen erTwlovanebi (Txeli lentiseburi) da
mravalwlovani gamoyenebis. maTi
daimetri meryeobs 16-mm-dan 22
mm-mde.
wveTovani morwyvis sabaziso
sistema Sedgeba Semdegi mTavari
nawilebisagan: wyliT momaragebis
saTave, saqaCi tumbo (pompa) filtarcia, magistraluri milgayvaniloba, sasuqis Semrevi sistemebi,
wnevis maregulireblebi, damakavSirebeli atributebi. damatebiTi
sistemebi SeiZleba moicavdenen
avtomaturi kontrolisa da marTvis kvanZebs, agreTve wylis xarjvis mricxvelebs.
wveTovani morwyvis dagegmvisas
aucilebelia Semdegi parametrebis gaTvaliswineba.
niadaguri, wylis resursebisa da marketinguli miznebidan
gamomdinare SeirCeva ramdenime
kultura, maTi warmoebis Sesabamisi farTobebi, mwarmoebeli kompaniebi da Semdeg gadadian Tavad
sistemis parametrebis gamoTvlaze da proeqtirebaze:
wylis saSualo moxmareba;
მარტი, 2013
nakveTze sarwyavi milebis raodenoba, dargvis sqemis Sesabamisad nakveTis dayofa sarwyav blokebad (mwkrivebis sigrZis, saqaCi
tumbos da wylis debetis gaTvaliswinebiT);
safiltracio
danadgarebi
(calkeul blokebSi wylis xarjvis da rwyvis xangrZlivobis gaTvaliswinebiT);
magistraluri da gamanawilebeli milgayvanilobis SerCeva.
calkeuli sarwyavi blokis wylis
moTxovnileba ar unda aRematebodes magistraluri milgayvanilobis gamtarobas (is mryeobs 70-80
m3/sT).
ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom wveTovan milebs aqvT maqsimaluri sigrZis
SezRudva, is rogorc wesi meryeobs
120-m-dan 150 m-mde, amitom magistraluri mili SeiZleba ganlagdes
nakveTis TavSi an SuaSi (grZeli nakveTebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi).
gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqtic,
rom erT blokSi umjobesia xdebodes erTi kulturis warmoeba an isini erTmaneTisagan mkveTrad ar gansxvavdebodnen wylis moTxovniT.
mravalwlovani milebis gamoyebis SemTxvevaSi xSirad adgili
aqvs milebis dabinZurebas sxvadasxva mikronawilakebiT, amitom
savegetacio periodis dasrulebisas maT recxaven. amisaTvis milebis boloebs gaxsnian da maTSi
20-30 wuTis ganmavlobaSi gamdinare wyals atareben. Tuki sarwyavad
gamoiyeneba Ria wyalsatevidan miRebuli wyali, milebSi zogjer
adgili aqvs mwvane an lurji wyalmcenareebisa da baqteriebis gavrcelebas, romlebic luqaven sawveTurebs. amitom, aseT sistemebSi
dabalkoncentrirebul 20 mg/l.
qlorian wyals uSveben, gamorecxvis xangrZlivoba 30-60 wuTi. mcenareTa gamosakvebad mTeli wlis
manZilze gamoiyeneba kalciumiani
da magniumiani sasuqebi, romelTa
marilebmac SeiZleba gamoiwvios
sawveTurebis daluqva. am marilebis mosacileblad sezonis bolos sisitemaSi uSveben teqnikuri
azotis an marilmaJavas 0,6 %-iani
koncentracis xsnars, mJavuri
irigaciis xangrZlivoba, daaxloebiT, 1 saaTia.
— gansakuTrebuli jiSi, romelic samegrelos regionisaTvis
gamodgeboda, ar arsebobs, radgan
samegrelos am mxriv SezRudva ar
gaaCnia. ubralod, unda SeirCes
SedarebiT saadreo an saSualod
saadreo jiSebi, raTa bolqvebma
maRali sicxeebis dawyebamde Camoyalibebis dawyeba SeZlos. garda
amisa, aucilebelia Sesaferisi miwis nakveTis SerCeva — kartofili
cudad viTardeba mZime Tixnar niadagebze, ver itans daCrdilvasa
da wylis Cadgomas.
3. — kombostos matlebi rom cviva, ra zomebi unda miviRoT? (samegrelo)
ilia mWedliZe.
Cveni fosta
1. — rogor moviyvano saadreo
stafilo da mwvanili? (Sida qarTli)
— amisaTvis dagWirdebaT kvalsaTburebis mowyoba, romelic
sistematur yuradRebas saWiroebs (drouli ganiavebac erTxel
dReSi, morwyva) amis garda stafilosaTvis mniSvnelovania saadreo
an saSualod saadreo hibridebis
SerCeva.
2. — samegreloSi romeli jiSis
kartofili xarobs? (samegrelo)
— es mavnebeli kombostos TeTrula da misi STamomavlebia, romlebic weliwadSi ramdenime Taobas iZlevian. maT winaamRdeg saWiroa iseTi preparatebis gamoyeneba, rogoricaa „bi-58“, „nurel-de“,
„di-68“, „pirineqsi“, „cipipliusi“
da a.S 0,2% xsnaris gamoyeneba (10
litr wyalSi ixsneba 20 gr. preparati), amis garda SeiZleba gamoviyenoT prepartebi: „konfidor-
gTxovT, TqvenTvis saintereso Temebze SekiTxvebi
da rekomendaciebi mogvawodoT sainformacio
furcelze, regionis mixedviT miTiTebul misamarTze.
pasuxebi ixileT Jurnal „axali agraruli saqarTvelos” momdevno nomerSi:
saxeli, gvari
misamarTi
tel.:
el. fosta
ყველა სიახლე
maqsi“, „kunfu-superi“, „imiji“ da
a.S 0,01% (10 litr wyalSi ixsneba 1
gr. preparati).
5. — rogor vebrZoloT kombostos bugrs. ra gamoviyenoT, rom
kartofili ar daiRupos? (Sida
qarTli)
4. — Cveni regionis ZiriTadi
problemaa pomidvrisa da badrijnis nargavebis Wknoba. mcenare CiTilebisa da msxmoiarobis periodSi Wkneba. Zalian gTxovT, gvirCioT, ra efeqtiani samkurnalo
saSualebebi gamoviyenoT?
— es mavnebeli Zalian gavrcelebulia aramarto Sida qarTlSi, weliwadSi ramodenime Taobas
iZlevian. maT winaamRdeg saWiroa
iseTi preparatebis gamoyeneba,
rogoricaa „bi-58“, „di-68“, „nurel-de“, „pirineqsi“, „cipipliusi, „alfacipi“, „aqteliki“ da a.S
0,2 % xsnaris gamoyeneba (10 litr
wyalSi ixsneba 20 gr. preparati),
amis garda SeiZleba gamoviyenoT
preparatebi
„konfidormaqsi“,
„kunfu-superi“, „imiji“ da a.S 0,01
% (10 litr wyalSi ixsneba 1 gr.
preparati). mcenareTa damuSaveba
unda daiwyoT mavnebelTa gamoCenis pirveli niSnebisTanave, gacilebiT ukeTes Sedegs miiRebT Tu
preparatebs gamoiyenebT profilaqtikis mizniT (anu manam sanam
mavneblebi gamoCndebian) mcenareTa damuSaveba unda gaimeoroT
ramdenjerme 7-10 dRiani intervaliT da prepartebis monacleobiT.
— CiTilebis ZiriTadi problemaa fesvis yelis sidample, mis winaamRdeg unda gamoiyenoT iseTi
preparatebi, rogoricaa „previkuri“, „fundazoli“, „propakuri“
0,15-0,2 % (10 litr wyalSi gaxseniT 15-20 gr. preparati). wamlobis
gamoyeneba rekomendebulia orjer. pirveli — mcenareTa daTesvidan maT aRmocenebamde, meore
— mcenareTa aRmocenebis Semdeg,
rodesac isini daiwyeben namdvili foTlebis warmoqmnas. wamloba
gacilebiT efeqturia profilaqtikis mizniT anu manam, sanam daavadebis erTeuli niSnebi daiwyeben gamovlenas.
garda amisa, saWiroa adgilmonacvleoba, rogorc saCiTilisTvis (an gruntis Secvala), ise didi
mcenareeebisTvis,
gadabmulad,
ramdenime weliwadi erTi da imave
adgilze moyvana abinZurebs niadags sxvadasxva paTogenebiT. daicaviT saCiTile Warbi tenisa da
wylis Cadgomisagan, xSirad gaaniaveT igi.
6. — rogor da ra periodSi unda
vebrZoloT pomidvris fitof-
torozs, e.w. „kibos”? (Sida qarTli)
— pomidvris fitoftorozi sakmaod gavrcelebuli daavadeba
da pomidors did zians ayenebs,
mTeli vegataciis manZilze. misi
ganviTarebis xelSemwyob pirobebad gvevlineba maRali tenianoba
(moRrubluli an wvimini amindi)
da Tbili amindi (zomieri an odnav
maRali temperatura).
am daavadebis Tavidan acilebis
mizniT unda mivmarToT profilaqtikur wamlobas, romelic unda atarebdes sistematur xasiaTs
(yovel-7-14 dReSi) gansakuTrebiT daavadebis ganviTrebisaTvis
xelSemwyobi garemo klimaturi
pirobebis dros. unda gamoviyenoT iseTi preparatebi, rogoric
aris „cixomblu“ 2,5 kg/ha-ze, „rapid goldi“, „rapod gold pliusi“, „mankocebi superi“, „kadilaki“, „polirami“, „antrakoli“ da
a.S. 1.5-2 kg/ha-ze.
agreTve, iseTi sistemuri prepar atebis ga mo yeneba, rogoricaa „Sa viti„ 0,2%, „ro domilgoldi“ 0,2 % da a.S. auci lebelia
sistemuri da kontaqtu ri prepa ra tebiT da muSa vebis monacvleo ba.
P.S. winamdebare statiebis gamocema SesaZlebeli gaxda amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos (USAID
(USAID)) mier gaweuli daxmarebis Sedegad. dokumenti
SemuSavebulia USAID/NEO proeqtis mier da misi Sexedulebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. statiebi
ar gamoxatavs amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentosa da
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis mTavrobis mosazrebebs.
NEO-s Tbilisis ofisi:
Tbilisi, ramiSvilis q. 6a.
tel: (+995 32) 225 05 61/ 71/81
faqsi: (+995 32) 225 05 41
[email protected]
NEO-s goris ofisi:
gori, i.evdoSvilis q. 30
tel: (+995 0 370) 27 84 00
[email protected]
NEO-s duSeTis ofisi:
duSeTi, daviT aRmaSenebelis q. 52
tel: (+995 0 346) 22 11 28
[email protected]
NEO-s zugdidis ofisi:
zugdidi, Tbilisis q. 19
tel: (+995 0 415) 22 19 20
[email protected]
NEO-s onis ofisi:
oni, vaxtang VI q. 120
tel: (+995 595) 677 047
[email protected]
კარტოფი ლი ს დაცვ
კარტოფილის
დაცვა
ა
kar to fi lis mov la-moy va nis
ag ro teq no lo gia
gsurT, kartofilis uxvi da xarisxiani mosavali miiRoT?
gaiTvaliswineT Cveni rCeva!
kartofili CvenTvis erT-erTi
ZiriTadi sasoflo-sameurneo
kultura da umTavresi sasursaTo produqtia. kartofilis xarisxiani da uxvi mosavali rom
miviRoT, misi movla-moyvanis
dros agroteqnikuri moTxovnebis zedmiwevniT dacvaa saWiro.
bolo 10-12 wlis ganmavlobaSi
saqarTveloSi evropuli seleqciis saukeTeso jiSebi Semovida (germania, holandia), ramac rogorcmosavlianobis, ise misi xarisxis
gazrdis SesaZlebloba mogvca.
kartofilis moyvanis dros agroteqnikuri RonisZiebebidan Zalze mniSvnelovania kartofilis
TeslbrunvaSi CarTva. misi saukeTeso winamorbedebi ki TavTaviani marcvlovnebi (xorbali, qeri),
mravalwlovani balaxebi da parkosnebia. kartofilis dasaTesad
niadagis momzadeba gvian Semodgomaze e.w. mzralad 25-30sm. siRrmeze
xvniT iwyeba. xnuli mTeli zamTris
ganmavlobaSi xeluxleblad rCeba.
mzralad xvnis dros mxolod romelime fosforiani an kaliumianis
sasuqis Setanaa SesaZlebeli. unda
gvaxsovdes, rom aucilebelia niadagis analizis gakeTeba, romelic
gviCvenebs ra saxis sakvebi elementebis deficitia niadagSi da risi,
ra raodenobiT damateba dagvWirdeba. CvenTan, umetes SemTxvevaSi,
sasuqis gamoyeneba niadagis yovelgvari winaswari gamokvlevebis
gareSe xdeba.
dRes Cvens bazarze SesaZlebelia iseTi sasuqebis, romlebic
mzralad an adreuli gazafxulis
periodSi xvnis dros gamoiyeneba.
magaliTad: „super agro“, „amofosi“, „superfosi“ da a.S.
azotovan sasuqebs: amoniumis
gvarjilas an amoniumis sulfats
vegetaciis periodSi, kartofilis
rigebis Sekvramde - yvavilobis
მარტი, 2013
w n viyenebT,
n b Se
S tanis
n s doza
z isev
s da
win
isev damokidebulia niadagSi azotis Semcvelobaze. rogorc mravalwlovani gamocdileba gviCvenebs, gamokveba umjobesia 2-jer,
aRmocenebis Semdeg da yvavilobis
win Catardes, Sesatani saheqtaro
norma orad iyofa.
didi mniSvneloba aqvs jansaRi da kondiciuri sargavi masalis SerCevas. aucilebelia Tesvis
win bolqvebi mavnebel daavadebaTa winaaRmdeg brZolis saSualebebiT damuSavdes. bolo wlebia
saTeslis preparat „selest topiT“ damuSaveba saukeTeso Sedegs
gvaZlevs. xarjvis normaa 0,4 l/t.
aRniSnul preparats, rogorc inseqticiduri, aseve fungiciduri
Tvisebebi aqvs. e.i. bolqvebis niadagSi moxvedris Semdeg Tesls
iseTi mavneblebisa da daavadebebisgan icavs, rogoricaa: mavTula
da crumavTula Wiebi, kolorados
xoWo, bugrebi, fesvis sidampleebi,
Savfexa, rizoqtoniozi da sxva.
S niS
n Svna:
n im
m Sem
S mTx
xvevaSi
S Tu nin
Se
adagSi mavTula Wiebi didi raodenobiTaa da axladwarmoqmnil
bolqvebs safrTxe emuqreba, maSin
rigebs Soris specialuri manqanis
saSualebiT unda SevitanoT granulirebuli inseqticidi „forsi“
— 10-15kv/ha.
kartofilis nargaobas did
problemas uqmnian sarevela mcenareebi, romlebic mas arTmeven
wyalsa da niadagSi arsebul sakveb
nivTierebebs, amitom herbicidebis droul gamoyenebas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba. rogorc gamocdileba gviCvenebs, mravali wlis
ganmavlobaSi kargi Sedegi aCvena
herbicidma „gezagardma“. igi dargvamde an kartofilis aRmocenebamde unda gamoviyenoT heqtarze
2-4 litris odenobiT..
kompania „sinJenta“ Cvens fermerebs sTavazobs siaxles, erTwliani marcvlovani da orlebniani
sarevelebisgan dasacavad kartofilis specialur herbicid „araxali agraruli saqarTvelo
25
კარტ ოფი ლის დაცვა
კარტოფილის
26
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
მარტი, 2013
კარტოფი ლი ს დაცვ
კარტოფილის
დაცვა
ა
kades“. „arkades“ xarjvis normaa:
aRmocenebamde niadagis damuSaveba 4-5 l/ha an aRmocenebis Semdeg
3-4 l/ha. es herbicidi ukve gamoicada Cvens pirobebSi da Zalzed
didi mowoneba daimsaxura momxmareblebs Soris.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu kartofilis
naTesebSi Zalzed gavrcelebulia
marcvlovani sarevelebi, rogorebicaa mxoxavi Wanga da Salafa,
maSin unda gamoviyenoT specifiuri herbicidi „fiuzilad forte“
1,5l/ha-ze.
Cven kidev erT siaxles vTavazobT mekartofileebs: kartofilis plantaciis gamosakvebad
agroqimikat „izabions“, romelic
mineraluri da organuli nivTierebebis kompleqss warmoadgens,
is mcenareTa fesvgareSe gamokvebisaTvis gamoiyeneba. xarjvis
normaa 1-2l/ha-ze. 2-3jer sezonSi:
pirveli Setana kartofilis aRmocenebis Semdeg, meore bolqvebis
formirebis dawyebidan 15-20 dRis
Semdgom. „izabioni“ mcenaris gamZleobas sxvadasxva stresis (gvalva, pesticidebiT dazianeba da
sxv.) mimarT mniSvnelovnad zrdis.
agreTve zrdis mosavlianobas da
produqciis xarisxs aumjobesebs.
vegetaciis periodSi gansakuT-
rebuli yuradReba eniWeba daavadebis winaaRmdeg gasatarebel
RoniZiebebs — fungicidebis gamoyenebas. kartofilis ZiriTadi daavadebebia: fitoftora, alternaria, foTlis silaqaveebi da sxv.
vegetaciis dasawyisSi kontaqturi fungicidebi, mag: „bravo“ 2,53l/ha-ze, erTxel an orjer unda
gamoviyenoT. igi efeqtiani fungicidia, romelic foTlebs da Reroebs icavs paTogenis SeWrisagan,
mis Rirsebad atmosferuli naleqebis mimarT medegoba miiCneva.
Semdgom wamlobebSi unda gamoviyenoT sistemuri fungicidebi,
rogorebicaa „ridomil goldi“
— 2,5 kg/ha-ze, an „ridomil gold
pliusi“ — 4-5kg/ha-ze. maTi gamoyeneba umjobesia morigeobiT. sistemuri fungicidebi mcenares ukve
SeWrili paTogenebisgan icaven, Tu
xSiria naleqebi wamlobebs Soris
intervali 8-10 dRes unda Seadgendes, Tu gvalviani periodia, maSin intervali Sesxurebebs Soris
10-12 dRe unda iyos. SesaZlebelia
ridomil gold pliusi gamoviyenoT romelime kontaqtur fungicidTan erTad, mag: „ridomil
gold pliusi“ — 3kg+1,5 kg. „diTan
m45-is“ kombinacia 1 ha-ze. rogorc
wesi sezonSi sistemuri fungici-
debi 4-5- jer metad ar gamoiyeneba.
aseve didi yuradReba unda mieqces
iseTi mavneblebis winaaRmdeg brZolas, rogorebicaa kartofilis xoWo, kartofilis CrCili, bugrebi
dasxv. mavnebelTa winaaRmdeg rekomendebulia Semdegi inseqticidebi:
„aqtara“ — 0,06-0,08kg/ha-ze, „karate
zeoni“ — 0,25l/ha, aseve gTavazobT
axal biologiur inseqticid „spintors“, xarjvis normaa — 0,3l/ha. es
inseqticidi gansakuTrebiT gamoadgeba maT, vinc biologiur meurneobebs eweva.
kartofilis Semosvla da foCebis gaxmoba xSirad atmosferuli
naleqebis gamo Wianurdeba, risTvisac nargaobis desikacias mimarTaven, kartofilis foCebis
xelovnur gaxmobas, raTa mwvane
masam xeli ar SeuSalos kartofilis meqanizebul aRebas. am mizniT
karg Sedegs iZleva „desikanti reglon superi“, xarjvis norma1,5
litri heqtarze.
Tu Tqven gaiTvaliswinebT Cvens
rCevas, uxv da xarisxian mosavals
miiRebT.
zurab lolaZe,
biologiur mecnierebaTa
doqtori, Syngenta Agro Services
AG (Sveicaria) warmomadgeneli
saqarTvelo
lo/azer
azerbaijani
ni/som
somxeTi.
მექ ანიზა ცი ა
მექანიზაცია
so fels ga mar Tu li ag ro sa in Jin ro
sam sa xu ri sWir de ba
soflis meurneobam, rogorc qveynis ekonomikis
wamyvanma dargma, mosaxleobis sursaTiT uzrunvelyofis saqmeSi mniSvnelovani roli unda Seasrulos.
agrosamrewvelo kompleqsis ganviTarebisa da stabilizaciis Tanamedrove etapze upirvelesad organizaciuli RonisZiebebia gasatarebeli, romelTa
ZiriTadi arsi soflad kooperaciis ganviTareba,
mcire sawarmoebis Camoyalibeba, mravalferovani
servisisa da produqciis damzadebis sistemis Seqmna, bazris Seswavla da masze gasvla iqneba.
CvenTan fermeruli meurneobebi CanasaxSia da erTeuli SemTxvevebis garda, fermerebs arc Teoriuli da arc praqtikuli Cvevebi ar gaaCniaT, isini mzad
ar arian sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobis Tanamedrove doneze warsamarTavad, miT umetes, Tanamedroმარტი, 2013
ve teqnologiebisa da meqanizebuli sistemebis gamosayeneblad.
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, sainJinro-teqnikuri
sfero soflis meurneobis qmediT, mamoZravebel Zalas da prioritetul mimarTulebas warmoadgens.
saqarTvelos soflis meurneoba 1990 wlamde, yovelwliurad 3 300 sxvadasxva daniSnulebis traqtors
iRebda, manqanaTa Sleifis Tanafardoba erTi samTan
iyo, anu erT traqtorze 3 sasoflo sameurneo manqana-iaraRi modioda. am periodisTvis traqtorebis saerTo raodenoba qveyanaSi 27-29 aTasamde meryeobda,
kombainebis — 1700-mde, yovelwliurad damatebiT 660
aTasi dasaxelebis marag-nawilebi Semodioda.
TavTaviani kulturebis movla-moyvanaSi maRali
iyo meqanizaciis done, Cais plantaciebSi, venaxebSi
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
27
მექ ანიზა ცია
მექანიზაცია
da ba
b Reb
bS
Si, sxvlis,
sx
s mwva
mw ne
n ope
p rar
ciebis da krefis garda, faqtobrivad yvela teqnologiuri operacia meqanizebuli iyo. 1990 wlidan, rodesac teqnikis mowodeba
Sewyda da sasoflo-sameurneo
manqanaTmSenebelma qarxana „saqsoflagromanqanam“ muSaoba Sewyvita, qveyanaSi meqanizaciis donem mkveTrad iklo. amJamad, faqtobrivad, saqarTvelos soflis
meurneobaSi arsebuli teqnikis
raodenobis dadgena, TiTqmis SeuZlebelia, Tumca misi nakleboba
sagrZnobia.
TiToeul kulturaze arsebobda
manqanaTa sistema, romelic umetesi teqnologiuri procesebis meqanizebulad Sesrulebas iTvaliswinebda. ra Tqma unda, yvela kulturisTvis manqanaTa sistema srulyofili ar iyo da verc iqneboda,
zogjer manqanaTa sistemebi ver
ergeboda Cveni qveynis calkeuli
regionebis Taviseburebebs (reliefs, konfiguracias, niadagis tenianobasa da simkvrives, sarevela
mcenareebis saxeebsa da raodenobas) da dargebs, magram sagulisxmo
iyo is, rom samanqano-satraqtoro
parki ar iyo mravalferovani (sxvadasxva warmoebis), rac Tavis mxriv
aadvilebda saremonto da teqnikuri movlebis samuSaoebs.
amJamad, arsebuli mdgomareobidan gamomdinare, rac ganpirobebulia miwebis privatizaciis
Sedegad nakveTebis danawevrianebiT, kulturaTa mravalferovnebiT, saWiroa Cveni qveynis pirobebisaTvis morgebuli manqanaTa
sistemis SerCeva-damuSaveba.
saboloo Sedegze, mis namdvil
efeqtianobaze ama Tu im manqanis
gavlena mxolod garkveuli saxis
produqciis warmoebis konkretuli teqnologiiT SeiZleba ganisazRvros. aqve unda Sefasdes mra-
28
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
valfun
qciuro
nq
r ba
b da ener
n rgotevadoba da sxva maCveneblebi. amitom,
upirvelesi amocanaa jer progresuli teqnologiebi ganisazRvros
da mxolod amis Sesabamisad SeirCes ama Tu im regionisTvis yvelaze efeqtiani manqana-iaraRebi.
qveyanaSi teqnikis Semotanas amJamad stiqiuri xasiaTi aqvs. is Semodis yovelgvari SerCevis gareSe. amitom ikveTeba amocana, rom
teqnikis SerCeva da Semotana mecnierul safuZvelze warmoebdes.
kerZod, unda vecadoT energetikuli saSualebidan iseTi traqtorebi SevarCioT, romlebic qveynis
pirobebs da kulturebs maqsimalurad moergeba, aseve gasaTvaliswinebelia saTanado sasoflosameurneo manqanebis Sleifi.
adre saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo manqanaTa sagamocdo sadguri
arsebobda, sadac yovelwliurad
90-100 axali manqana da teqnologia icdeboda. sasoflo sameurneo
warmoebis teqnologiebi gadioda
saxelmwifo aprobacias da yvelaferi saxelmwifo da dargobrivi
standartebis mixedviT sruldeboda. is teqnikur eqspertizas,
agroteqnikur, saeqspluatacio
da energetikul Sefasebebs Seicavda, romlebic meTodikis Sesabamisad xorcieldeboda. amJamad,
gamocdebi unda gamartivdes, kerZod upirvelesad unda ganisazRvros am Tu im manqanis unari, Seasrulos teqnologiuri procesi,
ganisazRvros Sesrulebis xarisxi, xolo misi resursi-saeqspluatacio pirobebSi dakvirvebis safuZvelze.
SerCeuli da Semotanili teqnikis Sesabamisad unda moxdes maTi
saremonto bazis aRWurva, saTanado servisis ganxorcieleba.
mimdinare procesebma sakmaod
maRali donis kadrebis denado-
ba gamoiwvia. samanqano warmoebis
Semcireba, misi daknineba ki agrosamrewvelo seqtorisaTvis, mZime
Sedegebis gamomwvevia. amJamad arsebuli sasoflo-sameurneo teqnika verc xarisxiT ver uzrunvelyofs agrosamrewvelo seqtoris
teqnologiur bazas.
situaciis analizis safuZvelze
saWiroa iseTi RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba, romelmac unda uzrunvelyos soflis sainJinro-teqnikuri sferos stabilizacia da misi
aRorZineba. esenia:
— arsebuli manqana-traqtorTa
parkis gamoyeneba da axali efeqturi struqturebis Camoyalibeba;
— agrosamrewvelo seqtorisaTvis sasoflo sameurneo manqanaTmSeneblobis aRdgena — ganviTareba;
— kompleqsuri agrosainJinro
servisis ganviTareba.
— sainJinro-teqnikuri sferos
finansuri uzrunvelyofa; --— sainJinro sferos samarTlebrivi uzrunvelyofa;
— sainJinro sferos samecniero
uzrunvelyofa;
upirvelesad, unda aRiricxos
amJamad soflis meurneobaSi arsebuli teqnikuri saSualebebi,
maTi mflobelobis dazustebiT;
qarxnebis, saxelosnoebis sadgurebis, sacvleli punqtebis mdgomareoba. ganisazRvros maTi iuridiuli statusi. yvelaze efeqtur
struqturad amJamad miCneulia
SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoebis Camoyalibeba, teqnikis individualuri mflobelebis
am sazogadoebaSi mozidviT da saTanado dainteresebiT, rac gamoixateba sawvavis, marag-nawilebis
da sxva damxmare masalebiT uzrunvelyofaSi.
servisis centrebis CamoyalibebiT unda Seiqmnas erToblivi
sawarmoebis Seqmnis piroba, romlebic sxvadasxva qveynebis manqanaTmSeneblobis sawarmoebis dainteresebiT gamouSveben saTanado
teqnikur saSualebebs (ZiriTadad
kvanZebis SemotaniT da qveyanaSi
maTi awyobiT), traqtorebs, manqana-iaraRebs. am centrebma unda
uzrunvelyon, agreTve, safirmo
servisi.
saWiroa iseTi struqturebis
Camoyalibeba, romelic saxelSekმარტი, 2013
მექ ან იზაცია
მექანიზაცია
rulebo safuZvelze uzrunvelyofs manqanuri teqnologiebis
droulad da maRalxarisxovnad
Sesrulebas. aseT struqturas agrosainJinro servisis SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sawarmoebi
warmoadgens, romlebic regionebSi, raionSi da soflad mewarmeTa
kanonis Sesabamisad unda Camoyalibdes. unda Seiqmnas agrosainJinro servisis erTiani sistemis
modeli, romelic soflad momuSave yvela kategoriis saqonelmwarmoebls maTi moTxovnebis
safuZvelze sawarmoo-teqnikur
mravalwaxnagovan garantirebul
momsaxurebas gauwevs, amave dros
uzrunvelyofs dargSi sainJinro
politikis ganxorcielebas.
agrosainJinro serviss SeuZlia
alternatiuli saqonelmwarmoeblis rolis Sesrulebac, mas SeuZlia ijaris safuZvelze garkveul
farTobebze sakuTari ZalebiT
moiyvanos
sasoflo-sameurneo
produqcia, amasTan am saijaro
farTobebze warmatebiT gamoiyenos mowinave teqnologiebi da
teqnika.
saxelmwifos monawileoba unda
gamoixatos SeRavaTiani dakreditebiT finansuri da materialurteqnikuri resursebis mimarTulebebis stimulirebiT.
sainJinro-teqnikuri sferos sakanonmdeblo da normatiuli samarTlebrivi bazis Sesaqmnelad
saWiro iqneba Semdegi sakiTxebis
mogvareba:
— ganisazRvros meqanizaciisa
da eleqtrifikaciis samsaxurebis
amocanebi da funqciebi;
— ganisazRvros teqnikuri da
teqnologiuri saxelmwifo politikis mimarTuleba;
— uzrunvelyofili iqnes sasoflo-sameurneo saqonelmwarmoebelTa interesebis saxelmwifoebrivi dacva;
— ganisazRvros saxelmwifo teqzedamxedvelobis amocanebi da
funqciebi;
— dawesdes teqnologiebis, warmoebis teqnikuri da energetikuli saSualebebiT, transportirebis, Senaxvis da sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis gadamuSavebis
serTifikacia;
— ganisazRvros sainJinro-teqnikur sferoSi saqmianobis licenzireba da maTi saxeebi;
მარტი, 2013
— ganisazRvros aRmasrulebeli
xelisuflebis is organoebi, romlebic pasuxs ageben sainJinroteqnikuri sferosaTvis kadrebis
momzadebaze;
— ganisazRvros saerTaSoriso
TanamSromlobis wesebi da prioritetuli mimarTulebebi.
sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis da
mowyobilobebis efeqtianad gamoyeneba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi
SeiZleba, Tu teqnikuri servisi
qveynis yvela konkretul zonaSi
saTanadod organizebuli iqneba.
mosaxleobiT da teritoriiT
saqarTvelos tolfard qveyanaSi: fineTi, dania, norvegia, holandia, israeli ekonomikis yvela
dargis (maT Soris soflis meurneobis) ganviTareba mecnieruli
rekomendaciebis safuZvelze xdeba. dargobrivi saministroebi, samecniero-kvleviTi organizaciebis rekomendaciebis safuZvelze,
ekonomikur politikas gansazRvraven.
yovelive aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, dargSi erTiani samecniero politikis, misi strategiisa
da ganxorcielebis konkretuli
programis SemuSavebis, adgilebze praqtikuli daxmarebis gawevisa da pasuxismgeblobis amaRlebis
mizniT aucilebelia saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis saministros sistemaSi sajaro samarTlis
iuridiuli piri — soflis meurneobis sainJinro momsaxurebis samecniero-praqtikuli centri Seiqmnas, romelSic gaerTiandebian
dargis cnobili specialistebi da
maT safinanso, sameurneo da administraciul xelmZRvanelobas saministro gauwevs, xolo samecniero xelmZRvanelobas
saqarTvelos soflis
meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademia.
centris saqmianobis
ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi iqneba:
1. saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis teqnikuri gadaiaraRebisaTvis energetikuli
saSualebebis da teqnologiuri manqanebis
SesaZenad rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba;
2. samamulo da sazRvargareTuli mecni-
erebis ganviTarebis Sesabamisad
memcenareobis da mecxoveleobis
produqtebis warmoebis teqnologiuri da manqanaTa sistemebis
perioduli ganaxleba;
3. qveynis regionebis mixedviT
sazRvargareTidan
Semotanili
teqnikis winaswari gamocda, maTi
teqnikur-ekonomikuri maCveneblebis gansazRvra da rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba;
4. qveynis specifikuri kulturebisaTvis, agrolandSaftebisa
da energoresursdazogvis moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT, samanqano teqnologiebisa teqnikuri saSualebebis damuSaveba;
5. specialistebis, meurneobaTa xelmZRvanelebisa da fermerebis swavleba-konsultireba axali
teqnikisa da teqnologiebis dargSi.
pirveli nabijebi soflis meurneobis asaRorZineblad ukve gadaidga: dargi xdeba prioritetuli,
fermerebisaTvis kreditebi xelmisawvdomi iqneba, uaxloes momavalSi amoqmeddeba miliardiani
fondi, aSendeba 60 axali sawarmo
da miwis mcire nakveTis mflobel
fermerebs miwas mouxnaven, dauTesaven Sesabamis kulturas daexmarebian sasuqebiT, gadamamuSavebel sawarmoebSi Caideba mcireprocentiani sesxebi, glexebs
sawvavi 50-TeTriani fasdaklebiT
miewodeba.
es iqneba pirveli nabijebi, Semdeg ki unda vizrunoT soflis
meurneobis, maT Soris sainJinro
samsaxuris Tanamedrove donis misaRwevad.
SoTa WalaganiZe,
omar bedia.
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
29
ვე ტერინა რია
ვეტერინარია
yvela sofels sakuTari veterinari eyoleba
veterinarias dRes msoflioSi sul ufro meti da
meti yuradReba eTmoba. ekonomikurad, SedarebiT,
susti qveynebic cdiloben ganviTarebuli samyaros
magaliTs mibaZon da veterinariuli dargi ganaviTaron.
saqarTveloSi am mxriv dRes arasaxarbielo viTarebaa, radgan qveyanaSi, sasaklaoebze mimagrebul veteqimTa CaTvliT, mxolod 150 mde saxelmwifo veterinari muSaobs. am mxriv Tu sxva, Cveni sididis qveynebis
praqtikas ganvixilavT, Zalze savalalo suraTs davinaxavT. magaliTad: italiis kunZul sardiniaze, sadac
1 milionamde adamiani cxovrobs, 700-ze meti saxelmwifo veterinari muSaobs, xolo estoneTSi (1,5 mln.
adamiani) — 800-ze meti.
mecxoveleobis ganviTarebisa da fermeruli meurneobebis gamarTvis mxriv saqarTveloSi arsebuli
viTareba evrokavSiris qveynebSi arsebul mdgomareobisgan mkveTrad gansxvavdeba. ganviTarebul qveynebSi, sadac Zlieri fermeruli meurneobebia epizootiuri (epidemiologiuri) viTarebis kontroli
gacilebiT iolia, vidre CvenTan, amas Tu davamatebT
veterinaruli kanonmdeblobis ararsebobas, saxelmwifo veterinarebis simcires, kerZo veterinaruli
samsaxurebis, praqtikulad, ararsebobas (Tu ar CavTvliT klinikebs, sadac araproduqtiul da egzotikur
cxovelebs mkurnaloben), veterinaruli samsaxurebis
daqsaqsulobas (sasazRvro da Sida kontrolis gancalkevebas) da saxelmwifo veterinaruli saswavleblis uqonlobas, davinaxavT, rom viTareba mkveTrad
Secvlasa da saxelmwifos saswrafo Carevas iTxovs. es
saWiroa Tundac imisTvis, rom ar moxdes sxvadasxva
daavadebebis gavrceleba, romlebic aunazRaurebel
zians miayenebs soflis meurneobas, safrTxes Seuqmnis Cveni Tu CvenTan stumrad myofi sxva qveynis moqalaqeebis janmrTelobasa da sicocxles.
rogorc qveynis mTavari veterinari, mixeil soxaZe
ganmartavs: qveynisaTvis, kerZo veterinriul samsaxurebTan erTad saxelmwifo veterinaruli struqturebis ganviTareba sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania.
saxelmwifo veterinaruli samsaxuris gaZlierebis
aucilebeli piroba qveyanaSi saxelmwifo veterinari
oficris (inspeqtoris) (CVO) Tanamdebobis SemoRebaa,
romelic veterinaruli zedamxedvelobis uzrunvelyofisaTvis yvela samsaxurs gaaerTianebs. aRniSnuli
pozicia uklebliv yvela veterinarul mimarTulebas
moqnilsa da met qmediTunarians gaxdis. saxelmwifo
veterinari inspeqtoris (CVO) poziciis aucileblobaze miuTiTeben amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis agra-
30
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
ruli departamentis (USDA) veterinaruli samsaxurebis, gaeros sursaTisa da soflis meurneobis organizaciis (FAO), evrokavSirisa da cxovelTa jandacvis
saerTaSoriso organizaciis (OIE) eqspertebi.
imis miuxedavad, rom sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebis daxmarebiT kerZo veterinarebma Sesabamisi wvrTnebi gaiares da gamocdilebac daagroves,
maTi gaerTianeba da vetmomsaxurebis centrebis Camoyalibeba mainc ver moxerxda. am problemis gadaWra kerZo veterinarebis gaerTianebis stimulirebis
gareSe praqtikulad SeuZlebelia, rac, rogorc 20
wlianma praqtikam gviCvena, saxelmwifos Caurevlad
ar moxerxdeba.
rogorc batoni mixeil soxaZe ambobs, saqarTveloSi
sul 64 teritoriuli erTeulia, sadac sabWoTa periodis dros TiToeul raionSi Semaval sasoflo sabWoebSi
(dRevandeli sakrebulo) veterinaruli ubnebi iyo Seqmnili, sadac yovel ubanze minimum 2-3 veterinari eqimi
iyo mimagrebuli. dRevandeli realobidan gamomdinare,
rac pirutyvis raodenobis Semcirebasa da zogierT regionSi TviT veterinari specialistebis naklebobas gulisxmobs, mizanSewonilia pirvel etapze veterinarebis
raodenoba yofili vet-ubnebis (praqtikuliad dRevandeli sakrebuloebi) raodenobis mixedviT ganisazRvros, rac saqarTvelos masStabiT velze momuSave 480 da,
daaxloebiT, 80 (ricxvi damokidebulia sasaklaos raodenobaze) sasaklaoze mimagrebuli veteqimia.
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad yovel daqiravebul veteqimTan gaformdeba
xelSekruleba, romlis mixedviTac maT Semdegi ufleba-movaleobebi daekisrebaT: saxelmwifo programiT gaTvaliswinebul RonisZiebebis farglebSi profilaqtikur-iZulebiTi vaqcinacia; laboratoriaSi
gadagzavnis mizniT nimuSebis aReba; adgilze epidemiologiuri zedamxedvelobis ganxorcieleba (mag:
cofi, jilexi); sezonur saZovrebze gadaadgilebis
dros cxovelebze zedamxedvelobis ganxorcieleba;
cxovelTa janmrTelobaze zedamxevelobis daweseba
da qveynis SigniT gadaadgilebis dros Sesabamisi dokumentis gacema; eqsportis SemTxvevaSi sakarantino
momsaxureba; sasaklaoze dakvliswina da dakvlis Semdgomi zedamxedveloba; cxovelTa identificireba da
Sesabamisi dokumentis gacema.
მარტი, 2013
ვეტერი ნარია
ვეტერინარია
amasTan erTad kontraqtor veterinarebs sxva (maT
Soris komerciul) saqmianobaSi monawileoba ar SeezRudebaT.
veterinarebi yovelTviur sargod daaxloebiT 400
lars miiReben.
sasaklaoze da velze, maRali riskis zonaSi momuSave veterinarebs saxelmwifo daazRvevs (daaxloebiT
40 lari TiToeulze).
isini CaerTvebian korporaciuli momsaxurebis sistemaSi da yovelTviurad telefonze salaparakod
depozitze daericxebaT 5 lari.
soflebisa da cxovelTa raodenobis, reliefuri
Taviseburebebisa da veterinari eqimis SesaZleblobidan gamomdinare, eqnebaT (erTjeradad) sxvadasxva
saxeobis satransporto saSualebebiT gadaadgilebis
SesaZlebloba (skuteri, velosipedi (Zraviani), cxeni
da sxv.).
aseT veterinariuli samsaxuriT Cven uzrunvelvyofT qveyanaSi veterinaruli viTarebis gakontrolebas da am sferoSi sabolood wesrigis damyarebas.
nestan guguSvili.
კვ ლე ვა
კვლევა
qobuleTis raionis Termuli resursebis Sefaseba
jer kidev warsul saukuneSi SeamCnies, rom
mcenaris fazaTa Soris intervalis xangrZlivoba ekologiur faqtorTa (niadagisa da haeris
hidro-Termul pirobebze, dRis xangrZliobaze
da sxva) kompleqsze, agroteqnikaze da sxva garemoebebzea damokidebuli, magram am faqtorTa
Soris erT-erTi wamyvani garemos temperaturuli reJimia.
agrometeorologiuri pirobebis gavlenis gamo erTi da imave
adgilze mcenaris ganviTarebis
fazebis dadgomis vadebi wlebis
mixedviT didad cvalebadia. amis
mizezi mravalia: niadagis damuSaveba, Tesvis vada, sasuqis Setana, kultivacia, mcenaris sixSire,
morwyva da amindis pirobebi. mxedvelobaSia misaRebi agreTve zamTris xasiaTi, Tovlis saburveli,
niadagisa da haeris temperaturis
reJimi, tenianobis mdgomareoba,
misi dinamika da sxva. zemoT CamoTvlil faqtorebTan erTad Tesvis
optimaluri vada mosavlis raodenobas didad gansazRvravs.
qobuleTis pirobebSi (institutis meteomonacemebis mixedviT),
haerSi aqtiuri siTbos mateba aprilis meore dekadaSi iwyeba, niadagis
zedapirze — martis mesame dekadaSi,
saxnav fenaSi — aprilis pirvel dekadaSi da yovelwliurad oqtombris
dasasrulidan noembris dasawyisamde grZeldeba. savegetacio periodis xangrZlioba 7 Tvea.
ZiriTadi yuradReba siTbos moyvaruli sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebisaTvis Termuli resursebis Sefasebas eTmoba. am mizniT
dadgenilia haeris temperaturis
gardamavali TariRebi, niadagis
zedapirze da saxnav fenaze 50, 100
მარტი, 2013
150 da 200C-ze, gamoTvlilia aqtiur temperaturaTa jami.
Cvens mier Seswavlili teritoriis
agrometeorologiuri daxasiaTeba
tenmomaragebis pirobebSi Termuli
resursebis etapobriv da mTeli periodis Sefasebas eyrdnoba.
1. savegetacio periodi:
a. haeris temperatura 150C-s zeviT periodi;
b. haeris temperatura 200C-s zeviT periodi;
2. civi periodi;
3. gardamavali periodi;
haeris temperaturis 150C-s zeviT
periodi xasiaTdeba siTbos moyvaruli kulturebis siTboTi momaragebiT. is iwyeba maisis Sua ricxvebSi
(saS.mravalwliuri TariRia 16 maisi)
da mTavrdeba oqtombris pirvel naxevarSi (saS.mravalwliuri TariRia
11 oqtomberi). misi xangrZlivoba
Seadgens 150 dRes (wlebis mixedviT
meryeobs 120-dan 175 dRemde. aqti-
ur temperaturaTa jami calkeul
wlebSi meryeobs 26000-34000C-is
farglebSi.
saS.mravalwliuri temperaturis
jami 150C-is zeviT tolia 30000C-is.
haeris temperatura 200C-s zeviT
periodi Cveulebriv 17 ivniss dgeba, xolo dasasruli 7 seqtembers
aRiniSneba. am periodis xangrZlivoba, 18300C — aqtiuri TbobiT, 83
dRes Seadgens. zogierT wlebSi
temperaturis gadasvla 200C-s zeviT dafiqsirda maisis bolos, an
ivlisis dasawyisSi. Semodgomaze
yvelaze adreuli gadasvla aRiniSna agvistos bolos, xolo gviani
— seqtembris meore naxevarSi. wlebis mixedviT am periodis xangrZlivoba, 14000-24000C aqtiuri Tbobis
dagrovebiT, 60-100 dRis farglebSi meryeobda.
civi periodi dekembris bolos
iwyeba (saS. mravalwliuri TariRi
24 dekemberi) da daaxloebiT ori
gardamavali TariRebi periodis mixedviT
cxrili 1
gazafxuli
Semodgoma
dReTa
ricxvi
temperaturaTa
jami T0C
50C-dan
-dan
21 Tebervali
24 dekemberi
308
46810C
100C-dan
-dan
08 aprili
10 noemberi
217
38120C
150C-dan
-dan
15 maisi
10 oqtomberi
149
30270C
200 C-dan
-dan
18 ivnisi
08 seqtemberi
83
18040C
gardamavali
periodebi
0
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
31
კვ ლე ვა
კვლევა
Tvis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeba (21
Tebervlamde). temperaturis 50Cdan gadasvlis TariRi, rogorc Semodgomaze, aseve zamTarSi wlebis
mixedviT, sakmaod arastabiluria,
ris gamoc civi periodis xangrZlioba ramodenime dRidan samnaxevar Tvemde meryeobs.
gardamaval periodebad pirobiTad miRebulia savegetacio da
civ sezonebs Soris periodebi, anu
haeris saSualo dRiuri temperaturis 50C-dan 100C-mde periodi.
Semodgomaze temperaturis gadasvla 100C-dan 9 noembers aRiniSneba.
civi periodi iwyeba 24 dekembers.
aqedan gamomdinare Semodgomis
gardamavali periodis xangrZlioba 44 dRes Seadgens.
klimatis globaluri cvalebadoba mcenareTa dacvis sferoSi iwvevs
mosalodnel safrTxes, daavadebebis migraciul zrdas, amitom meteomoednidan aRebuli monacemebiT
mravalwliuri prognozis Sedgena
(meteomoedani mdebareobs fito-
paTologiis institutis teritoriaze da funqciorebs 1961 wlidan
dRemde) axal agroekologiur pirobebSi mcenareTa dacvis arsebul
sistemaSi optimaluri adaptaciis
gzebis Ziebas emyareba.
nani afciauri,
mecnier-TanamSromeli,
agrometeorologi, SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis
fitopaTologiisa da biomravalferovnebis mimarTuleba.
სპეც იალი სტი გვი
სპეციალისტი
გვირჩევს
რჩ ევს
mindorsacavi da eroziis sawinaaRmdego tyis sacavi
zolebis aRdgena saSuri saqmea
sul raRac naxevari saukunis winaT qveyanaSi qarsacavi tyis zolebis da mindorsacavi zolebis gaSenebis
saqme kargad midioda, magram gamoucdelobam da mezobeli qveynebisadmi wamxedurobam, qveynisTvis am metad saWiro da aucilebel RonisZiebebSi, zogierTi dadebiTi
Sedegis garda, ZiriTadad uaryofiTi Sedegi gamoiRo.
rogorc cnobilia, XX saukunis II naxevari saqarTvelosTvis mravalmxrivi kataklizmebis periodi iyo. qveynis damoukideblobisaTvis brZolam qveynisTvis saWirboroto bevri aucilebeli saqme ukana planze gadaswia.
maT Soris garemos dacva-aRdgena, qardacviT da eroziis sawinaaRmdego tyesacavi zolebis mSenebloba da sxva.
dRes ukve cnobilia, rom im dros yvelaze didi Secdoma mindorsacav tyis zolebTan erTad e.w. saxelmwifo
qarsafari zelebis mSeneblobisTvis miwebis gamoyofa
iyo. iseT mciremiwian qveynebSi, rogorc saqarTveloa,
qardamcav zolebs 7295 heqtari ekava, romelTa didi nawili dakisrebul movaleobas ver asrulebda. imis gamo, rom
aRniSnuli zolebi gaSenebuli iyo arasaTanado merqniani
saxeobebiT, ZiriTadad kanaduri verxviT da TeTri akaciiT, romlebic vidre im movaleobis Sesrulebas SeZlebda
rac daakisres, daiRupa da ganadgurda. amas xeli gaxangrZlivebulma energokrizismac Seuwyo, ramac, TiTqmis,
erTad Seiwira dasaxlebul punqtebTan arsebuli tyeebi,
xSir SemTxvevaSi baR-parkebi, xexilis baRebi da qardacviTi Tu eroziis sawinaaRmdego tyis xelovnuri koromebi.
marTalia, qardacviTi zolebi ganadgurda, magram
bevrgan nargaobebis fragmentebi jer kidev SemorCenilia, romelic gabatonebuli qarebis mimarTulebas
gviCvenebs. amitom saWiroa, soflis meurneobis saminis-
32
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
trosTan Seiqmnas organizebuli jgufi, romelic raionebis mixedviT SemorCenil nargavobaTa fragmentebs,
maT mdgomareobas Seiswavlis, SeZlebisdagvarad maT
axal zolSi CarTvas gansazRvravs.
aRsaniSnavia, rom warsulSi, roca qveyanaSi qarsafar
zolebis mSeneblobis bumi iyo, mis Sesrulebas mxolod
metyeveebs andobdnen, dRes ki raionebSi satyeo meurneobebi aRar arsebobs, metyeve specialistTa adgili
umetesad araspecialistebs, e.w. reinjerebs ukaviaT,
magram jer kidev arseboben Zveli gamocdil metyeveTa
kadrebi, romelTa gamoyeneba aucilebeli da saWiroa.
dasaxlebuli punqtebis siaxloves energokrizis dros
qardacviTi da eroziasawinaaRmdego zolebis ganadgurebam, aTasobiT heqtari unikaluri tyis masivebis mospobam,
mavnebel daavadebaTa gamravleba-gaaqtiureba gamoiwvia,
amitom am zolebisa da tyis masivebis aRdgena Zalian mniSvnelovani saqmea, rasac maRali Rirsebisa da maRalxarisxiani sargavi masala sWirdeba, romelic dRes saqarTveloSi
aRar moipoveba, xolo misi Secvla ucxoeTidan Semotanili nergebiT danaSaulis tolfasia, radgan Cveni tyeebi da
dacviTi tyis masivebi mxolod da mxolod adgilze aRzrdili, sakuTari sargavi masaliT unda Seiqmnas. es marTalia, mraval siZneleebTan iqneba dakavSirebuli, tyis Semqmnel saxeobaTa aRzrdis sanerge meurneobis bazisgan,
romelic 20-25 wlis winaT saqarTveloSi arsebobda dRes
mxolod keTili mogonebebiRaa SemorCenili. arada am bazebze yovelwliurad, saSemodgomo inventarizaciiT, 3040 saxeobis foTlovani da wiwvovani sargavi masalis 50
milionze meti standartuli Teslnergi iricxeboda. axali sanerge meurneobebis bazis gareSe RonisZiebis dawyeba-gafarToeba SeuZleblad migvaCnia.
gasul saukunis 80-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi tyis
S qmnel merqnian saxeobaTa 4-5 saxelmwifo, droSem
ebiTi da mudmivi sanerge meurneobebi arsebobda.
d
dRes
aRarc satyeo arsebobs, aRarc sxva meurneoba,
r
rac
arsebobs, iqac umetesad araspecialistebi
m
muSaoben,
romlebic fiWvs, naZvs, soWsa Tu kedars
e TmaneTisgan ver asxvaveben da yvelafers naZvs
er
e xian. amitom vambob, Tu Cems gamocdilebas da
eZa
n keTeb saqmes dRes raime fasi aqvs, rom saWirod
na
m maCnia (ase marto me ar vfiqrob, amas damidastumi
r
rebs
yvela, met-naklebad saqmeSi Caxeduli metyeve
s cialisti), aRdges sanerge meurneobis baza da is
spe
მარტი, 2013
SeZlebisdagvarad metyeve specialistebiT dakompleqtdes, sxvagvarad qveynisTvis sasurveli Sedegi,
ar gveqneba.
siZneleebis CamoTvliT ar minda
iseTi suraTi davxato, TiTqos, es
Zalian rTuli saqme iyos, ara, Cemi
mizania dasawyisSive kargad gavacnobieroT, am metad saSuri da aucilebeli RonisZiebis, tyeebis da qarsacavi zolebis Seqmnis saqmeSi, ra
siZneleebis gadalaxva mogviwevs.
qardacviTi zolebis, CvenSi cnobili specialistis, metyeve-melioratoris profesor geronti xaraiSvilis mier saqarTveloSi qarebis
moqmedebis 3 jgufia dadgenili.
pirvel jgufs miekuTvneba raionebi,
romlebic xasiaTdebian mZafri qarebiT, meore jgufs — raionebi, romebic xasiaTdeba SedarebiT naklebi da
mesame jgufs — ufro naklebi siZlieris qarebiT, romelTa zemoqmede-
ba, SedarebiT, naklebia, magram maTi
uaryofiTi gavlena garkveulad mainc moqmedebs sasoflo-sameurneo
kulturebis mosavlianobaze.
sasurvelia qardacviTi zolebis
damproeqteblebma baton g. xaraiSvilis wignidan: „mindorsacavi
tyis zolebis gavlena saqarTvelos
sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis
mosavlianobaze da mis gaSenebis
agrowesebi. Tbilisi-2004w. da sxva
naSromebidan miRebuli rekomendaciebiT isargeblon.
ganadgurebuli tyeebis aRdgena ki
mravalwliani gamocdilebiT, ZiriTadad fanjruli da derefnuli meTodebiT unda vawarmooT, rac CvenSi
jer kidev SemorCenilma gamocdilma
metyeveebma Zalian kargad ician.
tristan CerqeziSvili,
saqarTvelos damsaxurebuli
metyeve.
simindis movla-moyvanis teqnologiuri ruka
aRmosavleT saqarTvelosTvis
#
Casatarebuli RonisZieba
Sesrulebis
kalendaruli
vada
1
rTuli mineraluri sasuqis (amofosi, diamofosi,
II-III
FFF amofoska, diamofoska) 250 km
km/ha
ha (fizikuri woniT) Setana FFFFFFFFFFFF
FFF niadagis moxvnis dros.
FF
2
niadagis moxvna 25-30 sm-ze.
II-III
3
xnulis damuSaveba mZime diskebniani farcxiT da
IV
FFF dafrezva. Tesvis wina kultivacia tardeba Tesvamde 4-5 FFFFFFFFFFFF
F dRiT adre
FF
4
mineraluri sasuqis (amoniumis gvrjila 80-100 km./ha)
km. ha)
FFF Setana TesvasTan erTad.
IV-V
FFFFFFFFFF
5
Tesva. erT heqtarze unda daiTesos „lomTagoras-1“
FFF 75 000 „lomTagora-2“ 75 000 marcvali.
IV-V
FFFFFFFFFF
6
niadagiSi mavneblebisgan naTesis dazianebis saSiSroebis
FFF SemTxvevaSi inseqcitad „regentis“ Setana Tesvis dros,
FFF saTesiT, mikrogranulatoris gamoyenebiT 5kg./ha-ze.
5kg. ha-ze.
IV-V
FFFFFFFFFF
FF
7
herbicidis: (peqtormasi 0.5 d/ha.
d ha. stelari-1.0kg./ha.
stelari-1.0kg. ha.
FFF nikoSi1.5kg
Si1.5kg/ha,
ha, titiusi, maisi 50gr./ha)
50gr. ha) +2kg. mikroF elementis Sesxureba simindis mcenaris 3-5 foTlis
FFF fazaSi.
V-VI
FFFFFFFFFF
FFFFFFFF
FFFF
8
naTesis pirveli kultivacia simindis mcenaris
FFF 3-5 foTlis fazaSi 150kg. (fizikuri wona) amoniumis
FFF gvarjilis SetaniT.
V-VI
FFFFFFFFFF
FF
9
naTesis meore kultivacia pirveli kultivaciidan 14VI
FFF 15 dRis Semdeg 150kg. amoniumis gvarjilis SetanasTan FFFFFFFFFFFF
F erTad.
FF
vegetaciis periodSi mavneblebis (farvana, xvatari, vegetaciis
10
FFF an sxva) winaaRmdeg inseqticidis (fastaki 0,2l/ha)
0,2l ha) Sesperiodi
FF xureba
FFFF
11
FFF
12
marcvlis mosavlis aReba sruli simwifis fazaSi
IX
marcvlis Sroba saSrobSi
IX
მარტი, 2013
simindis
qarTuli
lomTagora 1
samarcvle hibridi;
sixSire — 55-60 aTasi Ziri ha;
vegetacia — 124-126 dRe;
uxvmosavliani, ha-ze
iZleva 8-10 tona marcvals.
lomTagora 2
samarcvle-sasilose hibridi;
simaRle — 265-280 sm;
sixSire — 45-50 aTasi Ziri/ha;
ri ha;
vegetacia — 134-136 dRe;
uxvmosavliani, heqtarze
iZleva 8-10 tona marcvals,
an 60-70 tona — sasilose masas;
kargad egueba tenian pirobebs.
lomTagora 3
samarcvle hibridi;
sixSire — 55-60 aTasi Ziri/ha;
ri ha;
vegetacia — 130-132 dRe;
uxvmosavliani; ha-ze iZleva
8-10 tona marcvals;
rekomendebulia aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos sarwyavi zonebisTvis.
lomTagora 4
TeTri hibridi;
sasursaTe, SeiZleba sasilosed
da safuraJed gamoyeneba;
mcenaris simaRle 308 sm;
marcvlis mosavlianobiT 22-24%
aWarbebs „ajameTis TeTrs”;
sixSire 45-50 aTasi Ziri heqtarze;
vegetacia — 140-143 dRe;
gamZlea Cawolisadmi.
lomTagora 5
TeTri hibridi;
sasursaTe-safuraJe; simaRle 303 sm;
marcvlis mosavlianobiT 36-38%
aWarbebs „ajameTis TeTrs”;
sixSire 45-50 aTasi Ziri heqtarze;
vegetacia — 141-143 dRe;
gamZlea Cawolisadmi.
tel.: (+995 99) 56-26-16;
(+995 91) 20-25-25;
E-mail: [email protected]
www.lomtagora.com
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
33
ქართუ ლი პრო
ქართული
პროდუქტი
დუ ქტ ი
`a ja me Tis TeT ri~
simindi, „ajameTis TeTri“ adgilobrivi saqarTvelos saseleqcio sadguris mier jiSobrivi gadarCevis meTodiT gaumjobesebuli jiSia.
saerTo daxasiaTeba: miekuTvneba kbila simindebis jgufs.
mcenare maRalia — 2-3 metri,
foTlebi — 18-20 cali. taro, saSualod, msxvili, 18-25 sm. sigrZis. mwkrivebis ricxvi taroze
— 8-10. aqvs TeTri, msxvili marcvali. 1000 marcvlis wona 340-550
gramia. sagviano, uxvmosavliani
jiSia. saSualo mosavlianoba 6-7
tona taroSi. potenciuri mosavlianobaa 7-dan 8 tonamde. daraionebulia kolxeTSi. agreTve
imereTisa da raWa-leCxumis baris zonaSi, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mdinare alaznis marcxe-
na mxaris velze, axmetisa da Telavis sarwyav miwebze.
agroteqnika: am jiSis simindi
moiTxovs niadagis Rrmad 25-28 sm.
xvnas. saSemodgomid niadags mzralad xvna misTvis savaldebuloa.
sasuqebi: fosfor-kaliumiani
sasuqebi ZiriTadad Sedis xvnis
win. an kidev mzralis adre gazafxulze kultivaciis (dadiskva) dros. saWiro raodenobis
sasuqebi sasurvelia Sevides wilobrivad Tesvis 1-li da me-2
rigTaSorisi kultivaciis dros.
Sesatani sasuqebis dozebi ganisazRvreba kartogramebis, an
niadagis analizis safuZvelze.
saerTod, agrowesebiT saWiroa:
N120, P120 da K 60 sasuqebi.
savegetacio periodi:
di 125-130
dRe.
Tesva: p
Tesva
pun
nq
qtualurad
r mwkriv
mw r Ta
Soris manZili 70-75sm, mcenareTa
Soris - 28-30sm. es manZilebi aRebulia im varaudiT, rom 1ha-ze SenarCundes 38-40 aTasi Ziri mcenare. morwyvis jeradoba ganisazRvreba moTxovnilebis mixedviT
— damokidebulia imaze, Tu ramdenad saWiroebs mcenare wyals.
erTi kilogrami _ Sewamluli
da dafasoebuli saTesle masalis fasia: 4 lari.
`qar Tu li kru gi~
si
s min
m ndi, „qar
q rTuli kru
r gi““ mi
m Rebulia saqarTvelos saseleqcio
sadguris mier gamorCevis gziT.
saerTo daxasiaTeba: miekuTvneba kbila simindis jgufs. simaRleSi aRwevs 2,5-3 metrs. foTlebis ricxvi — 15-20. ikeTebs
20-25sm zomis sakmaod mozrdil
cilindruli formis taros. aqvs
wiTeli naquCi — marcvali yviTeli. 1000 marcvlis masa Seadgens
300-450 grams. saSualo-sagviano uxvmosavliani jiSia, sruli
agroteqnikis pirobebSi iZleva
8-10 tona mosavals taroSi. potenciuri mosavalia 12-14 tonaa.
marcvlis gamosavlianoba 8082%-ia. daraionebulia aRmosav-
34
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
leT saqarTvelos sarwyav da teniT uzrunvelyofil raionebSi.
agroteqnika: am jiSis simindi
moiTxovs niadagis Rrmad, 25-28smze damuSavebas. Semodgomaze mzralad xvna misTvis savaldebuloa.
sasuqebi: fosfor-kaliumiani
sasuqebi ZiriTadad Sedis xvnis
win. an kidev mzralis adre gazafxulze kultivaciis (dadiskva) dros. saWiro raodenobis sasuqebi sasurvelia SevitanoT wilobrivad Tesvisa da 1-li — me-2
rigTaSorisi kultivaciis dros.
Sesatani sasuqebis dozebi ganisazRvreba kartogramebis an
niadagis analizis safuZvelze.
saerTod, agrowesebiT saWiroa:
N120, P120 da K60 sasuqebi.
savegetacio periodi: 125-130
dRe.
Tesvis vadebi: dablob zonebSi Tesvis optimaluri vadaa 10
aprilidan 30 aprilamde, SemaRlebul zonebSi — 15 aprilidan 5
maisamde.
Tesva: punqtualurad mwkrivTa
Soris manZili 70-75sm, mcenareTa
Soris — 25-28sm. es manZilebi aRebulia im varaudiT, rom 1 ha-ze SenarCundes 44-45 aTasi Ziri mcenare. morwyvis jeradoba ganisazRvreba moTxovnilebis mixedviT
- damokidebulia imaze, Tu ramdenad saWiroebs mcenare wyals.
erTi kilogrami _ Sewamluli
da dafasoebuli saTesle masalis fasia: 4 lari.
damatebiTi informaciisa da
konsultaciisTvis dagvikavSirdiT:
koba xorbalaZe
mis: q. Tbilisi, d. aRmaSeneblis xeivani me-12 km
(agraruli universiteti)
tel: 577-248-842
E-mail: [email protected]
მარტი, 2013