In-hospital installation
Dedicated Linac &
PhoNeS Optimized Prototype
A. Zanini1, G. Giannini2, P. Borasio3, F. Ardissone3, C.Fava3, O. Borla1, P.Chiari4, S. Anglesio5
1 Istituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleare Sezione Torino, Italy
2 Università di Trieste,Dipartimento di Fisica e INFN –Trieste, Italy
3 Università di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche. S. Luigi Orbassano
4 Università di Pavia, Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, , Italy
5 AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
Alba Zanini – [email protected] – SEMINARIO di DISCUSSIONE – “Sorgenti di neutroni e loro applicazioni in ambito INFN"
Some recent studies have focused on the possibility of exploiting high
energy electron linear accelerators, normally used in gamma radiotherapy,
as photo-neutrons source for in-hospital medical applications. In the
framework of PhoNeS project the possibility of an in-hospital installation of
a dedicated LINAC and an optimized PhoNeS photoneutron converter for
BNCT study is described.
1
Collaboration
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Università degli Studi di Torino
Università degli Studi di Trieste
Università dell’ Insubria di Como
Università degli Studi di Pavia
IRCC Candiolo (Torino)
ASO Mauriziano Umberto I°(Torino)
AOU San Luigi – Orbassano (Torino)
AOU San Giovanni Battista (Torino)
ASO Sant’Anna (Como)
Ospedale Maggiore (Trieste)
ST. JOHANNS HOSPITAL Salisburgo (AUSTRIA)
GIO’ MARCO s.p.a. MOGLIANO VENETO (Treviso)
Elekta Company
Financially supported by:
•National Institute for Nuclear Physics
•Ministery of Industry, Research and University
Alba Zanini – [email protected] – SEMINARIO di DISCUSSIONE – “Sorgenti di neutroni e loro applicazioni in ambito INFN"
In this slide is reported the list of collaboration in the framework of
PHONES, NOE and NOE2 INFN projects.
2
Present Neutron Beam used in BNCT
• HFR Petten
• JRR-4 Kyoto, Japan (actually used for brain
tumors BNCT treatments)
•Maximum thermal neutron flux:
5E13 n/(cm2sec),
• VTT, Finland (actually used for Head and
Neck BNCT treatments)
• Maximum thermal neutron flux:
1E13 n/(cm2sec), average epithermal neutron
fluence rate at the exit plane:
1.1E9 n/(cm2sec),
• Rez, Czech Rep
• Studsvik, Sweden
• MIT, USA
• TRIKA MARK II, Pavia, Italy
• Bariloche, Argentina (actually used for Skin
Melanoma BNCT treatments)
The main problem is that
nuclear reactors for BNCT are in
limited number, located far from
hospital, and don’t satisfy the
medical needs.
Search for in-Hospital
neutron sources
• Average thermal flux at irradiation position:
5E12 n/(cm2sec)
• THOR, Taiwan
• HANORA, S. Korea
Alba Zanini – [email protected] – SEMINARIO di DISCUSSIONE – “Sorgenti di neutroni e loro applicazioni in ambito INFN"
Nowadays the only available neutron source for BNCT in the world are
research nuclear reactors, allocated far from the hospital structures.
Actually only few facility are still working on BNCT: JRR-4 Kyoto, VTT
Finland, Bariloche Argentina. So it is necessary to develop innovative
neutron sources for in-hospital installation.
3
Torino-Trieste-Como project
In-Hospital installation of Dedicated Linac
&
PhoNeS Optimized Prototype
Previous results
• Linac accelerators already exist in
hospital radiotherapy departments
• well-known technology
accepted by patients and
medical staff
• Projects PHONES, NOE, NOE2
supported by INFN from 2005 to
2010
• Encouraging results obtained
during:
•feasibility study,
•first prototype test (PhoNeS
Bianco),
•first biological trials on human
lungs
• Great interest by San Luigi Gonzaga
hospital (Orbassano, Torino) for BNCT
study on lung tumors
(adenocarcinoma, mesotelioma)
• Availability by Elekta company in order to
provide a decommisioned 18 MV Linac and
to adapte for BNCT studies
• Possibility of installation in radiotheraoy
dept. of San Luigi Gonzaga hospital with
collaboration and assistance of radiotherapy
staff.
• Applications:
•analysis of 10B uptake in different lung
cancer
•study of the behaviour and efficacy of
different 10B carriers
• Multidisciplinary applications (cultural
heritage studies, neutron radiography, etc. )
Alba Zanini – [email protected] – SEMINARIO di DISCUSSIONE – “Sorgenti di neutroni e loro applicazioni in ambito INFN"
Starting from 2005 the INFN section of Torino and Trieste and the Insubria
University of Como are involved in the Phones project. The PhoNeS
(PhotoNeutronSource) project intend to exploit, as neutron source, linear
high energy electron accelerators (18 – 25 MV) already operating in
hospital Radiotherapy Units, equipped with a neutron photoconverter. The
LINAC facility represent a well-known technology accepted by the patients
and medical staff. On the basis of a feasibility study a first transportable
prototype of PhoNeS photoconverter has been designed and
manufactured and a first biological trials on human sample of
adenocarcinoma of the lung have been carried out. Thanks to the
encouraging results obtained a collaboration was started with medical staff
of San Luigi hospital for the study of lung tumors as adenocarcinoma and
mesothelioma. A great interest also comes from Elekta company making
available a 18 MV decomissioned LINAC dedicated and adapted to
PhoNeS BNCT trials. The San Luigi Gonzaga hospital would provide a
radiotherapy bunker recently built and currently not used for the installation
of the LINAC. In this way it colud be possible to have a facility always
available, dedicated to BNCT research, without any restriction in use and
in strict collaboration with oncologists, surgeons and pathologists staff. This
type of facility could be used in multiple applications such as: analysis of
10B uptake in different lung cancer and the study of the behaviour and
efficacy of different 10B carriers. But also it colud be used in
multidisciplinary applications as: cultural heritage studies, neutron
radiography and so on.
4
Dedicated Linac: advantages & goals
•
Possibility of full time use of the LINAC overcoming the restriction imposed
by radiotherapy departments for the use of clinical accelerators:
– Time restriction (following the patients timetable)
– Impossibility to modify the machine parameters
10
2,0x10
Gamma Fluence Rate on PhoNeS (FILTERS)
Gamma Fluence Rate on PhoNeS (NO FILTERS)
Gamma Fluence Rate (cm-2s-1)
• For photoneutron production it is
not necessary to have an optimized
gamma beam
10
1,5x10
(γγ,n) treashold energy region
Neutron photoproduction
+1.5 times higher
It is possible to:
1,0x10
• Remove filters (flattening and
5,0x10
hardening filters) from the linac
gantry
0,0
• Improve the linac duty cycle,
0
5
10
15
Energy (MeV)
(increasing beam current,
repetiton rate, pulse duration,
etc.)
• higher gamma fluence rate
to obtain
• higher neutron photoproduction
10
9
20
25
Alba Zanini – [email protected] – SEMINARIO di DISCUSSIONE – “Sorgenti di neutroni e loro applicazioni in ambito INFN"
In this slide the advantages and goals of using a dedicated linac are
reported. First of all a dedicated machine allows a full time employment
overcoming the restrictions imposed by radiotherapy departments for the
use of clinical accelerators such as: Time restriction (following the patients
timetable), and impossibility to modify the machine parameters. Medical
LINAC are designed for radiotherapy purpose following restric parameters
about the quality, intensity of the gamma beam. For photoneutron
production it is not necessary to have an optimized gamma beam, so it is
possible to remove filters (flattening and hardening filters) from the linac
gantry. This modification can improve the linac duty cycle by increasing
beam current, repetiton rate and pulse duration. So it is possible to obtain
higher gamma fluence rate resulting in a higher neutron photoproduction
until to 1.5 – 2 times.
5
At present
LINAC ELEKTA PRECISE 25 MV
ASU San Giovanni Battista (Molinette) Torino
Elekta provided
• Dose Rate: 400 UM/min
• Average Beam Energy: 20 MeV
• Effective pulse duration: 1.6 micros
• Peak beam current: 20 mA
• Repetition Rate: 200 Hz
Beam parameters: ν = 200 Hz; T = 1.6 µs; I = 20 mA
(Numbers of e-/s = 6.25E18(e-/s) x I x ν x T)
Electron current on target: 4E13 e-/s
Alba Zanini – [email protected] – SEMINARIO di DISCUSSIONE – “Sorgenti di neutroni e loro applicazioni in ambito INFN"
At the moment PhoNeS photoconverter has been installed at the head of
the ELEKTA PRECISE 25MV accelerator in Radiotherapy Department of
San Giovanni Battista Molinette Hospital (Torino). Typical beam parameter
for this model of machine provide an electron current on the target of 4E13
e-/s (data provided by Elekta company). This parameter is of fundamental
importance for PhoNeS photoneutron conversion. Infact higher is the
number of electrons striking on the linac target, higher is the number of xrays produced by bremmstrahulung reaction and consequently is higher
the number of neutrons produced by Giant Dipole Resonance Reaction.
6
Cavity: 20 x 20 x 10 cm3
At present
PhoNeS Bianco prototype
Lead slabs, thickness 1 mm
LEAD
D2O
GRAPHITE
50% Epoxy resin slabs, thickness 2 mm
GRAPHITE
50% boron carbide slabs
POLYETHILENE
MCNP-GN simulation
Closed cavity configuration
• Two carbon fibre boxes filled with heavy
water and a polyethylene slab to close
60 cm
60 cm
Graphite:
- 2 horizontal blocks, 15 x 30 x 60 cm3
- 2 vertical blocks, 15 x 30 x 30 cm3
Thermal neutron field of suitable intensity
and energy spectral distribution for
biological samples irradiation
Alba Zanini – [email protected] – SEMINARIO di DISCUSSIONE – “Sorgenti di neutroni e loro applicazioni in ambito INFN"
In this slide a full description of PhoNeS Bianco prototype geometry and
material configuration is reported. Different types of neutron
photoconverters have been studied by simulation code (MCNP-GN) during
the feasibility study. A small prototype of photoconverter, easy to be
installed and removed from the accelerator head and suitable to be
transported to different radiotherapy departments, has been manufactured
(INFN of Trieste Mechanical Laboratory). The main characteristics of the
small prototype are: graphite blocks external moderator (60x75x30 cm3),
lead target (30x30x10 cm3), moderators in polyethylene (30x30x3 cm3),
carbon fibre box of different shape and dimension filled with heavy water
(D2O 99% purity), and irradiation cavity (20x20x10 cm3), total weight about
300 kg, total assembly time about 2 hours. Layers of polyethylene, lead
and B4C (boron carbride) have been placed all around the photoconverter
surface to minimize the neutron and gamma undesired component outside
the cavity. The PhoNeS irradiation cavity has been characterized in view to
produce a thermal neutron field of suitable intensity and energy spectral
distribution for the irradiation of the biological samples. In order to
maximize the thermal neutron component a closed cavity solution has
been chosen. Two carbon fibre boxes filled with heavy water and a
polyethylene panel have been used. In this way it is possible to exploit the
low neutron absorption cross section and the high scattering cross section
on carbon.
7
-2 -1
Neutron Fluence Rate (cm s )
At present
2,0x10
6
1,8x10
6
1,6x10
6
1,4x10
6
1,2x10
6
1,0x10
6
8,0x10
5
6,0x10
5
4,0x10
5
2,0x10
5
PhoNeS Bianco neutron spectrum
P hones B ianco N eutron S pectrum
Therm al
-2 -1
1.01E 7 cm s
78%
E pith erm al
-2 -1
2.18E 6 cm s
18%
Fast
-2 -1
5.88E 5 cm s
4%
0,0
10
-8
10
-7
10
-6
10
-5
10
-4
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
10
0
10
1
E n ergy (M eV )
Alba Zanini – [email protected] – SEMINARIO di DISCUSSIONE – “Sorgenti di neutroni e loro applicazioni in ambito INFN"
The estimation of thermal dose distribution inside the closed cavity is
carried out by using bubble detector (BDT type for thermal neutrons and
BD-PND type for fast neutrons) and gadolinium film. With a closed cavity
solution is possible to reach a quite intense thermal neutron fluence rate of
about 1E7 ncm-2s-1 and a low fast neutron contamination (4%).
8
-2 -1
Neutron Fluence Rate (cm s )
PhoNeS Bianco closed cavity neutron spectrum
2,0x10
6
1,8x10
6
1,6x10
6
1,4x10
6
1,2x10
6
1,0x10
6
8,0x10
5
6,0x10
5
4,0x10
5
2,0x10
5
P h o n es B ian co N eu tro n S p ectru m
T h erm al
-2 -1
1.01E 7 cm s
78%
Triga Mark II Reactor
R e a t t o r e T r ig a M a r k II
Fluence
F lu s srate
o x x1100
E4
E p ith erm al
-2 -1
2.18E 6 cm s
18%
F ast
-2 -1
5.88E 5 cm s
4%
0,0
10
-8
10
-7
10
-6
10
-5
10
-4
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
10
0
10
1
En erg y (M eV)
PhoNeS neutron spectrum is comparable in shape with
Nuclear Reactor neutron beam
Alba Zanini – [email protected] – SEMINARIO di DISCUSSIONE – “Sorgenti di neutroni e loro applicazioni in ambito INFN"
It is also interesting to stress that the shape of PhoNeS neutron spectrum
is comparable with the one of a typical thermal neutron reactor , even if the
flux intensity is two order of magnitude lower.
9
At present
Experimental set-up for biological trials
•
e-Linac Elekta 25 MeV max dose rate 400
UM/min
•
PhoNeS Bianco
(weight ~ 400 kg – assembling time ~ 1.5 ore)
•
Thermal neutron fluence rate
~ 1E7 n cm-2s-1
•
Biologiacl samples: primary lung carcinoma
UM total: 70000;
Total fluence: ~ 1E11 ncm-2;
Irradiation Time: ~ 3 hrs
BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES
INSIDE THE CAVITY
The irradiation has been carried out at Radiotherapy Department of
San Giovanni Battista Molinette Hospital (Turin, Italy)
Alba Zanini – [email protected] – SEMINARIO di DISCUSSIONE – “Sorgenti di neutroni e loro applicazioni in ambito INFN"
A first important biological sample irradiation trials on human primary lung
adenocarcinoma, previously perfused with BPA, have been carried out.
Once positioning in the cavity, the samples have been irradiated with
~1E11 cm-2 thermal neutron fluence, operating the Linac at 400 MU/min
and integrating a total of ~70000 MU in ~3 h. The irradiation has been
carried out at Radiotherapy Department of San Giovanni Battista Molinette
Hospital (Torino)
10
FUTURE
LINAC ELEKTA PRECISE 18 MV
DEDICATED LINAC
Dose Rate
E
T
I
Energy/pulse
Frequency
Beam power
Conversion factor
(*) To Be Confirmed
18MV classical
400
15,7
2,4
35
333
200
264
1,05E+14
• Dose Rate: 400 UM/min
• Average Beam Energy: 20,39 MeV
• Effective pulse duration: 2,8 micros
• Peak beam current: 50 mA
• Repetition Rate: 200 Hz
18MV dedicated (+)
400
20,39(#)
2,8
50 (*)
333
200
571
1,75E+14
(+) Data provided by ELEKTA
Unit
UM/mn
MeV
Micro s
mA
microJoules
Hz
watt
e/s
(#) as in 25MV
Electron current on target: 1,75E14 e-/s
Neutron photoproduction 4 times higher
Alba Zanini – [email protected] – SEMINARIO di DISCUSSIONE – “Sorgenti di neutroni e loro applicazioni in ambito INFN"
For the future it is planned to use a dedicated LINAC furnished by the
ELEKTA company. The linac is a decomissioned ELEKTA PRECISE 18
MV with the possibility of beam parameters modifications. Following the
guidelines provided by Elekta company is supposed to use the LINAC at
the nominal power by increasing the beam energy to values typical of a 25
MV. At the same time all the values of duty cycle will be increased in order
to deliver a higher electrons current on the linac target until to about 2E14
e-/s. These steps will get a higher neutron photoconversion efficiency of
about 4 times respect to the efficency currently available by using a linac
dedicated to traditional radiotherapy.
11
FUTURE
PhoNeS Optimized Prototype
GRAPHITE
LEAD
HEAVY WATER
POLYETHILENE
IRRADIATION CAVITY
•An optimized geometrical
configuration of the various
components has been designed.
•The high-Z core for neutron
production and the low-Z
moderating
structures
are
suitably shaped.
Alba Zanini – [email protected] – SEMINARIO di DISCUSSIONE – “Sorgenti di neutroni e loro applicazioni in ambito INFN"
It is also under design an optimized PhoNeS photoconverter in order to
increase neutrons photoproduction. An optimized geometrical
configuration of the various components has been designed to shape the
thermal beam at the exit cavity, in view to maximize the thermal neutron
component useful for BNCT treatments. In the figure it is shown a model of
photoconverter. The high-Z core is constitued of layer of lead suitably
shaped for neutron production and the moderating structures are made of
heavy water and polyethilene. Layers of graphite are used as reflector for
neutrons and layer of lead around the cavity are used for the residual
gamma shielding.
12
Neutron Fluence Rate (PhoNeS Optimized Prototype)
7
Neutron Fluence Rate (cm-2s-1)
2,5x10
THERMAL
THERMAL
-2 -1
1.45E8
1.50E8(cm
(cms-2s)-1)
73%
71%
7
2,0x10
7
1,5x10
7
1,0x10
EPITHERMAL
EPITHERMAL
-2-2 -1-1
4.08E7
4.09E7(cm
(cm ss ))
20%
20%
6
5,0x10
FAST
FAST
-2 -1
1.43E7
1.76E7(cm
(cm-2ss-1) )
7%
9%
0,0
-8
10
-7
10
-6
10
-5
-4
1x10 1x10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
10
0
10
1
10
Energy (MeV)
Alba Zanini – [email protected] – SEMINARIO di DISCUSSIONE – “Sorgenti di neutroni e loro applicazioni in ambito INFN"
In this slide the neutron spectrum obtained by using the dedicated linac
and the optimized prototype is reported. The optimized photoconverter and
the dedicated LINAC have been simulated by using the MonteCarlo code
MCNPGN (NEA-1733) especially developed for (γ,n) photoproduction in
linac accelerators. The simulations have been carried out considering the
modifications planned for the LINAC. The preliminary results confirm the
possibility of a significant increase of the thermal neutron fluence rate until
to about 1.5E8 neutrons cm-2s-1, with an epithermal neutron component of
20% and a low fast neutrons contamination (7%). These results cold be
improved by further studies on geometry and materials.
13
Neutron Fluence Rate (PhoNeS Optimized Prototype)
7
Neutron Fluence Rate (cm-2s-1)
2,5x10
7
THERMAL
THERMAL
-2 -1
1.45E8
1.50E8(cm
(cms-2s)-1)
71%
73%
Reattore
Triga
Mark II
Triga Mark
II Reactor
Flusso
1E4
Fluence
rate xx10
2,0x10
7
1,5x10
7
1,0x10
EPITHERMAL
EPITHERMAL
-2 -1
4.08E7
4.09E7(cm
(cm-2ss-1))
20%
20%
6
5,0x10
FAST
FAST -2 -1
1.76E7
(cm-2ss-1) )
1.43E7 (cm
9%
7%
0,0
-8
10
-7
10
-6
10
-5
-4
1x10 1x10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
10
0
10
1
10
Energy (MeV)
Alba Zanini – [email protected] – SEMINARIO di DISCUSSIONE – “Sorgenti di neutroni e loro applicazioni in ambito INFN"
The PhoNeS spectrum is compared to a typical reactor thermal neutron
beam, and it is important to stress that PhoNeS spectrum is comparable in
shape with the reactor one with only one order of magnitude lower in
intensity.
14
7
2,5x10
PhoNeS Optimized Prototype
Neutron Fluence Rate (cm-2s-1)
PhoNeS Bianco
7
2,0x10
PhoNeS
Optimized
7
1,5x10
Neutron photoproduction
15 times higher
by using PhoNeS optimized
prototype and dedicated LINAC
7
1,0x10
PhoNeS
Bianco
6
5,0x10
0,0
-8
10
-7
10
-6
10
-5
-4
1x10 1x10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
10
0
10
1
10
Energy (MeV)
Alba Zanini – [email protected] – SEMINARIO di DISCUSSIONE – “Sorgenti di neutroni e loro applicazioni in ambito INFN"
Comparing the two PhoNeS spectra it is evident that by using a dedicated
and modified linac able to work at maximum capacity and an optimized
photoconverter it is possible to increase of over than one order of
magnitude (15 times) the available neutron fluence rate.
15
PhoNeS Bianco vs PhoNeS Optimized Prototype
PhoNeS Prototypes Neutron Beam Parameter
PhoNeS Bianco
Thermal
Neutron
Fluence Rate
Epithermal
Neutron
Fluence Rate
FastNeutron
Fluence Rate
Biological
samples
irradiation
time
1.01E7
cm-2s-1
(78%)
2.18E6
cm-2s-1
(18%)
5.88E5
cm-2s-1
PhoNeS Optimized
1.50E8 cm-2s-1
(73%)
4.08E7 cm-2s-1
(20%)
1.43E7 cm-2s-1
(4%)
(7%)
3 hrs
(1E11 ncm-2)
12 min
(1E11 ncm-2)
Alba Zanini – [email protected] – SEMINARIO di DISCUSSIONE – “Sorgenti di neutroni e loro applicazioni in ambito INFN"
In the table are summarized the values of neutron fluence rate of the two
PhoNeS photoconverter. It is important to stress that with an optimized
prorotype the total biological sample irradiation time decrease until to 12
minutes respect to the 3 hours currently required.
16
In Air Free Beam Parameter
ΦTh >
D fast
ΦTh
Dγ
ΦTh
<
IAEA
PhoNeS
Bianco
Prototype
PhoNeS
Optimized
Prototype
> 1E9 cm-2s-1
1.1E7 cm-2s-1
1.50E8 cm-2s-1
< 5E-13 Gycm2
4E-12 Gy/cm2
8.3E-13 Gy/cm2
< 5E-13 Gycm2
8E-12 Gy/cm2
1.38E-12 Gy/cm2
Examples of beam parameters for various
epithermal reactors neutron beams
Free beam
parameter
comparable with
PhoNeS optimized
prototype
Alba Zanini – [email protected] – SEMINARIO di DISCUSSIONE – “Sorgenti di neutroni e loro applicazioni in ambito INFN"
Even if at this step of sperimentation is not so relevant, the In Air Free
Beam Parameter have been calculated accordingly to the IAEA
reccomendations. PhoNeS optimized prototype figures of merit are closer
than PhoNeS Bianco to the values specified by IAEA.
17
BUNKER INSTALLATION SITES
•
ASU San Luigi Gonzaga
Orbassano (TO)
Already built and actually not used
for radiotherapy.
Proposed by San Luigi Gonzaga
hospital for PhoNeS BNCT studies
•
Ex synchrotron bunker at
Experimental Physics Department
of Univeristy of Torino
Recently renovated
following the National
Radiological Protection
Authority
Recommendations
Alba Zanini – [email protected] – SEMINARIO di DISCUSSIONE – “Sorgenti di neutroni e loro applicazioni in ambito INFN"
Two possible sites for the installation of the linac have been identified. One
is a recently built bunker (2009) and currently not used offered by San
Luigi Gonzaga hospital. This allocation would provide the implementation
of the entire BNCT research entirely inside a hospital department, thus
reducing time involved especially for organizing the transport of biological
material, and also the LINAC would be managed by hospital staff already
trained for the operability of radiotherapy equipment; in addition the San
Luigi Gonzaga hospital is allowed to perform animal experiment and it can
establish a convention with the veterinary university department to perform
BNCT medical trials on animal tumor diseases.
The second possible location is the ex synchrotron bunker of the Physics
Department of Torino. This bunker is recently renovated following the
National Radiological Protection Authoriy recommendations. This solution
would allow the use of the linac in a university location and it should be
also available for multi-disciplinary applications such as in the field of
cultural heritage.
18
Dedicated Linac: ACTIONS
ITEM
ACTION
Disassembly
Assembly
Transport
PROVIDED BY ELEKTA COMPANY
financial support by
INFN?, bank foundation?
Beam Modification
PROVIDED BY ELEKTA COMPANY
financial support by
INFN?, bank foundation?
(removing filters, beam upgrade,
electrical wiring)
Magnetron replacement and
assistance
IF NECESSARY
Waveguide
20-year Elekta warranty
Cooling system
It is NOT necessary a dedicated cooling system (e.g.
Chiller)
(temperature of water should be 12 to 20°C, and must be not less
than 12°C; Elekta specifications)
Technical assistance
Partialy covered by INFN-TO technical staff
Elekta intervention if necessary
Adaptation of San Luigi Gonzaga
bunker
Provided by Hospital
Alba Zanini – [email protected] – SEMINARIO di DISCUSSIONE – “Sorgenti di neutroni e loro applicazioni in ambito INFN"
Actions relating to the installation of the linac are shown here. The
disassembly, assembly, transport, beam modification is provided by
ELEKTA company with a possible collaboration of INFN and bank
fundation. Magnetron, waveguide replacement and assistance will be
provided by ELEKTA if necessary. It is not necessary a dedicate cooling
system (e.g. chiller). The technical assistance could be provided by INFN
section of Torino technical staff and by ELEKTA if necessary. The
adaptation of San Luigi Gonzaga bunker will be provided by the hospital
19
Papers and Presentations at International Meetings
•
“A novel approach to BNCT with conventional radiotherapy accelerators.” Nuclear Instruments and
•
“Comparison of different MC techniques to evaluate BNCT dose profiles in phantom exposed to
various neutron fields.” Durisi et al. 2009 Radiation Protection Dosimetry in press.
Monte Carlo simulation of the photoneutron field in linac radiotherapy treatments with different
collimation systems. Zanini, A., et al., 2004. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 49, 1-12.
Methods in Physics, Bevilacqua, R., et al., 2007. PhoNeS: Research A 572, 231-232.
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•
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“Design of an epithermal column for BNCT based on DD fusion neutron facility”. Durisi E. et al.
(2007). Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics, vol. 574; p. 363-369, ISSN: 0168-9002
“DoseMeasurements in the Thermal Column of the TAPIRO reactor.” Rosi G. et al. (2004).
RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY, vol. 110; p. 651-654.
“A Photoneutron Source for In-Hospital BNCT Treatment: feasibility study”. 12th International
Congress on Neutron Capture Therapy 9-13 October 2006 Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan.
“A novel approach to the study of 10B uptake in human lung by ex-vivo BPA perfusion”. 13th
International Congress on Neutron Capture Therapy, 2-7 November 2008 , Florence, Italy.
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"Characterization of a Thermal Cavity in the PhoNeS photo-neutron converter for BNCT research" -
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“CR-39 neutron imaging of biological samples at clinical linac’s”. - 13th International Congress on
13th International Congress on Neutron Capture Therapy 2-7 November 2008 Florence, Italy.
Neutron Capture Therapy 2-7 November 2008 Florence, Italy.
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“Comparison of different MC techniques to evaluate BNCT dose profiles in phantom exposed to
various neutron fields.” 13th International Congress on Neutron Capture Therapy, 2-7 November 2008 ,
Florence, Italy.
•
“ 10B concentration analysis in primary human lung adenocarcinoma by Thermal Cavity of PhoNeS
photo-neutron converter”. Young Researchers BNCT Meeting, 29 September – 2 October 2009, Mainz,
Germany
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“ICP-MS analysis of 10B, in human cell lines and tissues, as support to the new Boron Neutron
Autoradiography (PhotoNeutronSource project)”. Young Researchers BNCT Meeting, 29 September – 2
October 2009, Mainz, Germany
Alba Zanini – [email protected] – SEMINARIO di DISCUSSIONE – “Sorgenti di neutroni e loro applicazioni in ambito INFN"
In this slide papers, proceedings and poster about PhoNeS project are
summarized.
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Conclusion
• A dedicated LINAC and an optimized PhoNeS prototype could provide an
increase of neutron photoproduction of:
• about +1.5 times by removing filters (flattening and hardening)
• about +4 times by increasing LINAC beam power
• about +2.5 times by using PhoNeS optimized prototype
• for a total of about 15 times higher in neutron photoproduction
12 min. total thermal neutron fluence rate of 1E11 cm-2
FIRST IN-HOSPITAL NEUTRON SOURCE FOR BNCT RESEARCH!
(available to the worldwide BNCT scientific community)
Alba Zanini – [email protected] – SEMINARIO di DISCUSSIONE – “Sorgenti di neutroni e loro applicazioni in ambito INFN"
In conclusion a dedicated LINAC and an optimized PhoNeS prototype
could provide an increase of neutron photoproduction of about 15 times.
In particular about 1,5 times by removing LINAC filters, about 4 times by
increasing LINAC beam power and about 2,5 times by using a PhoNeS
optimized prototyp. In this way it could be possible to reduce significantly
the biological irradiation time until to 12 minutes in order to delivere a total
neutron fluence rate of about 1E11 neutrons cm-2 s-1. In the future PhoNeS
could represent the first in-hospital neutron source for BNCT trials
available to the worldwide BNCT scientific community.
The new method of ex-vivo BPA perfusion (or other boron carriers to be
investigated) of human biological samples give the possibility to integrate
and overcome the animal model as well as the ethical issues related to the
drug assumption by patients.
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Alba Zanini – [email protected] – SEMINARIO di DISCUSSIONE – “Sorgenti di neutroni e loro applicazioni in ambito INFN"
In this slide the declaration of interest in PhoNeS BNCT research by
thoracic surgery unit of the San Luigi Gonzaga is reported.
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