Environmental Radiation Protection in D&WM
JRC-Ispra
05-08 July – Summer School
Joint Research Centre (JRC)
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION
PROTECTION IN D&WM
ISM - Ispra Site Management
Ispra - Italy
http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
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JRC-Ispra
05-08 july 2011 – Summer School
Celso OSIMANI
Head of Unit Nuclear
Decommissioning
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LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK
JRC-Ispra
05-08 july 2011 – Summer School
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK OF REFERENCE
Council Directive 96/29/EURATOM
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LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK
JRC-Ispra
05-08 july 2011 – Summer School
Council Directive 96/29/EURATOM
Italian law: D.Lgs 230/95
•(Article 54) measurement of
radioactivity in the environment
surrounding a nuclear installation
•(article 79) evaluation of the
dose of reference groups of the
population
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Environmental monitoring of radioactivity
JRC-Ispra
05-08 july 2011 – Summer School
Environmental monitoring of radioactivity
Phase 1: Information on the
source, amount and type of
contamination introduced into
the environment
Phase 2: Identifying pathways
of exposition and reference
groups of the population
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Environmental monitoring of radioactivity
JRC-Ispra
05-08 july 2011 – Summer School
Phase 3: Finding indicative
food and environmental
matrices
Phase 4: Locating sampling
points and selection of
appropriate measurement
methods
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Environmental monitoring of radioactivity
JRC-Ispra
05-08 july 2011 – Summer School
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Phase 5: Assessment of environmental deposition and of effective
Dose to reference groups of the population
Results of environmental
monitoring
Characterization of
climate, hydrogeology,
food chain and population
Use of computer code and
dose coefficients
Legal framework, International
pubblication (IAEA, ICRP,…)
Environmental Radiation Protection in D&WM
JRC-Ispra
05-08 july 2011 – Summer School
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Ispra site surroundings
Environmental Radiation Protection in D&WM
JRC-Ispra
05-08 july 2011 – Summer School
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Environmental Radiation Protection in D&WM
JRC-Ispra
05-08 july 2011 – Summer School
Ispra site nuclear installations
- INE nuclear complex, including:
→ Research reactor ESSOR, in safe conservation
→ Laboratory for analysis of nuclear fuel: in safe conservation
→ Laboratory for the analysis of activated reactor structural
components, in safe conservation
→ Pool: fuel elements, in operation
→ Safeguards Laboratory PERLA, in operation
→ Neutron Laboratory, in operation
→ ETHEL complex, for tritium handling, closed
- Research reactor ISPRA-1, in safe conservation
- Hot Cells Facility, in safe conservation
- Cyclotron: radioisotopes for hospitals and research, in operation
- Nuclear Waste Management Plants, in operation
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Environmental Radiation Protection in D&WM
JRC-Ispra
05-08 july 2011 – Summer School
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Although many of the facilities of the JRC-Ispra
are in safe conservation or pre-decommissioning,
can not be disregarded the radiological
environmental impact correlated to:
authorized discharge of radioactive liquid efffluents
authorized discharge of gaseous radioactive effluents
presence of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel
possible abnormal or incidental events
Environmental Radiation Protection in D&WM
JRC-Ispra
05-08 july 2011 – Summer School
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JRC-Ispra continuosly monitor level of radioactivity in
the environment through a surveillance program that
involves analysis of several matrices including:
Air and particulate
Wet and dry deposition
Food matrices ( milk, fish,vegetables)
Environmental matrices (grass, hay)
Surveillance network
JRC-Ispra
05-08 july 2011 – Summer School
Surveillance network
Collecting points
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Stabilimento del CCR
Surveillance network: detail
JRC-Ispra
Perimetro dello stabilimento: 6 stazioni di allarme automatiche per controllo della contaminazione
radioattiva (5 per misure in aria, 1 per misure nell'acqua reflua in uscita dal CCR attraverso il ruscello
05-08 july 2011 – Summer School
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Novellino).
Ruscello Novellino: prelievo di acqua e sedimenti;
Area 40: prelievo di acqua da 11 pozzi piezometrici; prelievo di effluenti aeriformi dalla ciminiera
dell’”ala calda”
Edificio 51: prelievo di particolato atmosferico e di deposizioni umide e secche e acqua
dell’acquedotto CCR
Edificio 52 (STRRL): prelievo di effluenti liquidi
Edifici 20 (ISPRA-1) e 21 (LCSR): prelievo di effluenti aeriformi
Edifici 80 e 84 (INE): prelievo di effluenti aeriformi; di acqua di falda sotto il reattore e di acqua
dell’acquedotto CCR.
Surveillance
network:
Detail
Ispra
• 1 dosimetro TLD in centro abitato
• Latte, fieno e suolo da medesima fattoria
• Pesce del Lago Maggiore
• acqua per usi irrigui da 1 pozzo privato
• Vegetali a foglia larga da privato in centro
abitato
• Acqua del Lago Maggiore (porticciolo)
• Acqua e sedimenti dal ruscello Novellino
(foce sul Lago Maggiore)
Ranco
• Acqua del Lago Maggiore
-----------------------------------------------------------------Angera
•
Latte, foraggio e suolo da medesima fattoria
(località Capronno)
• 1 dosimetro TLD in centro abitato
-----------------------------------------------------------------Laveno Mombello
• Acqua del Lago Maggiore (fraz. Cerro)
Brebbia
• Latte, foraggio e suolo da medesima fattoria
• 1 dosimetro TLD in centro abitato
• Miele da produttore locale
Cadrezzate
• 1 dosimetro TLD in centro abitato
• Acqua dai ruscelli Rio e Acqua Nera
Golasecca
• Acqua del Fiume Ticino (presso diga Miorina
sul fiume Ticino)
Taino
• 1 dosimetro TLD in centro abitato
Besozzo
•
1 dosimetro TLD in centro abitato
Travedona Monate
• 1 dosimetro TLD in centro abitato
Surveillance network: frequency
JRC-Ispra
05-08 july 2011 – Summer School
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Environmental Radiation Protection in D&WM
JRC-Ispra
05-08 july 2011 – Summer School
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The JRC performes monitoring by the means of:
• Qualified staff
• Laboratory for radioactivity measurement (LARA)
• Metereological station
Environmental Radiation Protection in D&WM
JRC-Ispra
05-08 july 2011 – Summer School
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• Specialised software to assess radiological consequences of
JRC routine releases of radionuclides to the environments
GENII FRAMES
(Framework for Risk Analysis in Multimedia
Environmental Systems)
US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Environmental Radiation Protection in D&WM
JRC-Ispra
05-08 july 2011 – Summer School
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• A real time Radioactive Alarm and Meteorological Network
(RAMAN), operated with detectors linked to an Emergency
Control Room
Environmental Radiation Protection in D&WM
JRC-Ispra
05-08 july 2011 – Summer School
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For the dose evaluation the JRC refers to:
• Out-put of the software used for evaluations of releases
SAFE AIR-VIEW
MATRICE
JRC-Ispra
05-08 july 2011 – Summer School
Particolato atmosferico
(Bq/m3)
Vapor acqueo atmosferico
(Bq/m3)
•Laboratory results
(LARA)
CONCENTRAZIONE
CALCOLATA
CONCENTRAZION
E
MISURATA
COMMENTI
Cs-137: 0
1,02⋅10-6
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Cs-137 non scaricato in atmosfera.
Effetto Chernobyl e test nucleari anni
'60
HTO: 10-3
HTO: 10-2
MAR per HTO
Acqua del Lago Maggiore
(Bq/L)
HTO:
Co-60:
Cs-137:
Am-241:
10-5
10-7
10-6
10-7
HTO:
3,40
Co-60: 3,00⋅10-2
Cs-137: 2,00⋅10-2
Am-241: 2,00⋅10-2
MAR per tutti i radionuclidi
Acqua del Ruscello
Novellino
(Bq/L)
HTO:
Co-60:
Cs-137:
Am-241:
10-2
10-4
10-3
10-4
HTO:
3,40
Co-60: 3,00⋅10-2
Cs-137: 2,00⋅10-2
Am-241: 2,00⋅10-2
MAR per HTO, Co-60 e Am-241.
Per altri radionuclidi: effetto
combinato di: Chernobyl, scarichi non
continui, accumulo nel tempo.
Sedimenti Ruscello
Novellino
(Bq/kgsecco)
Co-60:
Cs-137:
Am-241:
Ra-226:
10-1
100
10-1
10-2
Co-60:
Cs-137:
Am-241:
Ra-226:
Pesce Ruscello Novellino
(Bq/kg)
HTO:
Co-60:
Sr-90:
Cs-137:
Am-241:
Ra-226:
10-2
10-2
10-2
100
10-3
10-3
N.A.
10-1
101
100
101
Cs-137secco: 0,50
MAR per Co-60 e Am-241.
Per altri radionuclidi: effetto
combinato di: Chernobyl, scarichi non
continui, accumulo nel tempo.
Non si pratica, in generale, pesca nel
Novellino né si riescono a reperire
pesci
MAR per Am-241. Per Cs-137 effetto
Chernobyl, accumulo e misura su
peso secco a fronte di previsione su
peso fresco
Pesce Lago Maggiore
(Bq/Kgfresco)
Cs-137: 10-3
Am-241: 10-6
Latte vaccino
(Bq/L)
Cs-137: 0
Cs-137: 0,16
Cs137 non scaricato in atmosfera:
effetto di Chernobyl e accumulo nel
tempo.
Foraggio
(Bq/kg)
Cs-137: 0
Cs-137: 5,00
Cs137 non scaricato in atmosfera:
effetto di Chernobyl e accumulo nel
tempo.
Am-241 secco: 0,03
Environmental Radiation Protection in D&WM
JRC-Ispra
05-08 july 2011 – Summer School
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• Site parameterization (population habits, distribution, etc.)
Reference population
Effluenti Aeriformi
Effluenti Liquidi
Neonati residenti a SSW dal CCR nella
zona compresa tra 1 e
1,5 km di distanza dal
CCR
Adulti (maggiori di 17
anni)
Via di esposizione
Ingestione di latte
vaccino
Ingestione di pesci del
Ruscello Novellino
Valutazione della
dose annua
< 1 uSv
< 1 uSv
Gruppo critico della
popolazione
Results of environmental measurements
JRC-Ispra
05-08 july 2011 – Summer School
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• Exposure scenarios and formulas provided by the laws and or
scientific guidelines
JRC-Ispra discharge
Gaseous effluents
Trizio (HTO)
Q ( Ispra 1) + Q(ESSOR) Q ( x )
+
≤ 37 GBq /year
2000
50
≤ 18 ,5 GBq / 13 consecutiv e weeks
≤ 7 , 4 GBq / 24 consecutiv e hours
Aerosol emettitori gamma
Q (total )
≤ 74 GBq /year
≤ 37 GBq / 13 consecutiv e weeks
≤ 1,5 GBq / 24 consecutiv e hours
Liquid effluents
40 ⋅( 226 Ra + 228 Ra ) + alpha emitters + 90 Sr + 32 P +
3
beta / gamma emitters
H
+ 4 ≤ 3,7 GBq /year
20
10
≤ 1 .85 GBq /quarter
≤ 0 .37 GBq /day
Environmental Radiation Protection in D&WM
JRC-Ispra
05-08 july 2011 – Summer School
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In emergency conditions, the level of radioactivity into
the environment surrounding the Site and the possible
consequences on the population, are constantly
controlled through:
A real time radioactivity alarm and meteorological network
Collection and measurement of environmental samples
Calculation performed by proper models for the evaluation
in medium-long time of the radionuclides environmental
concentration
Appraisals carried out in compliance with the law
RAMAN - EURDEP
JRC-Ispra
05-08 july 2011 – Summer School
EURDEP
EUropean Radiological Data
Exchange Platform
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JRC-Ispra
05-08 july 2011 – Summer School
Thank you for Your Attention
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