Green Cloud: Reducing Energy
Consumption in Cloud systems
Danilo Ardagna
Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione,
Politecnico di Milano
[email protected]
Rome, 17th September 2010
Green Cloud Academic and
Industrial Partners
Alta Scuola Politecnica Program:
Dottor
Giovanni Di Gennaro
• Politecnico di Milano: Software Engineering,
Telecommunication, Operations Research groups
• Politecnico di Torino: Telecommunication, Operations
Research groups
• Industrial partners:



IBM
Alcatel Lucent
Lutech
Data Center power consumption:
an environmental problem...
About 0.5% of global electric power consumption is due to DC
In developed country:
• UK: 2.2-3.3%
• USA: 1.5%
From the environmental point of view:
 2% of global CO2 emissions
Dottor
Giovanni Di Gennaro
% EU IT Energy consumption
2020-B
Server & Data Center
2020-A
2005
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
Source: EU Commission
25.0%
Data Center power consumption:
…but first an economic one
Company
eBay
Microsoft
Google
Server
16K
>200K
>500K
Electric Power (TWh)
0.06
0.6
6
Cost
$3.7M
>$36M
>$38M
Number of
Servers
IT costs
12%
(M units)
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Giovanni Di Gennaro
35%
New Servers
costs
Energy
and cooling costs
28%
25%
Source: EU Commission
Source: Microsoft Research
DC Inefficiencies
• Energy consumption reduction through server
consolidation
• Maintenance costs economies of scale
• Efficient cooling systems solutions
Dottor
Giovanni Di Gennaro
Courtesy of IBM
Some Data Centers around the world
•
Microsoft (Quincy, WA)
•
•
•
•
Yahoo (Quincy, WA)
•
Dottor
Giovanni Di Gennaro
•
43.600 m2 (10 football fields)
4,8 km chiller piping
965 km electrical wire
13.000 m2
Google (Dalles, OR)
•
•
•
•
6.380 m2 servers area
1.900 m2 administration offices
1.500 m2 apartments
1.700 m2 cooling towers
What about the network?
% EU IT Energy consumption
2020-B
Cellular phone Network
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Giovanni Di Gennaro
Telecom Network
2020-A
Server & Data Center
2005
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
• Inefficiencies: networks, too, are designed
according to the peak traffic value
Additional issues
• Workloads change during the day
Dottor
Giovanni Di Gennaro
• Energy costs spatial and time variability
Green Cloud
reference framework
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Giovanni Di Gennaro
Green Cloud goals
• Design novel resource allocation policies for energy-aware
Clouds
• Dynamic allocation of computing resources
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Giovanni Di Gennaro
• Joint management of network and data centers energy
consumption
• Define business models for green clouds: scenarios, drivers,
role of regulators
Green Cloud Data Center
autonomic resource management
Dottor
Giovanni Di Gennaro
Application1
Application2
Application3
Internet
Free Server Pool
Network layer management:
Power aware routing
Dottor
Giovanni Di Gennaro
Network layer management:
Power aware routing
Dottor
Giovanni Di Gennaro
Energy management modeled as
Optimization Problems
• DC Autonomic Resource Management:

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Giovanni Di Gennaro
Mixed Integer Non Linear Problem, solution based on Local
Search
• Network Power Aware Routing Problem:

Mixed Integer Linear Problem, solution based on commercial
solvers
DC autonomic resource management –
Preliminary results
Scenario 1: customers from the same time zone
Scenario 2: customers from two different time zones
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Giovanni Di Gennaro
• Average savings
scenario 1: 15%
• Average savings
scenario 2: 25%
Comparison with a
DC running at full
capacity
DC autonomic resource management –
Preliminary results
IBM Tivoli Comparison
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Giovanni Di Gennaro
Our solution
Our solution
IBM Tivoli
IBM Tivoli
Network power aware routing –
Preliminary results
Power savings
(W/h)
• Power aware fixed routing vs.
Nominal consumption
• Power aware variable routing vs.
Nominal consumption
10000.00
8000.00
6000.00
4000.00
2000.00
Fixed
routing
0.00
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Giovanni Di Gennaro
Variable
routing
Time
Power 1400.00
(W/h) 1200.00
1000.00
Fixed
routing
800.00
600.00
400.00
Variable
routing
200.00
Nominal
0.00
Time
Current work
• Integration of DC and network layer policies
• Smart grid and green energy sources modelling
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Giovanni Di Gennaro
• Validation in industrial testbeds
Acknowledgements
•
Ahmed Allam, Riccardo Chiodaroli, Francesco Lunetta, Stefano Viganò, Stefano Ziller
(ASP students GreenCloud team)
•
Antonio Capone, Bernardetta Addis, Giuliana Carello, Marco Lovera, Mara Tanelli,
Alessandro Barenghi (Politecnico di Milano)
•
Federico Della Croce, Marco Mellia, Michela Meo (Politecnico di Torino)
•
Massimo Leoni (IBM Italy)
•
Carlo Spinelli, Giorgio Parladori (Alcatel Lucent)
•
Fabrizio Leone (Lutech)
•
Li Zhang (IBM Research)
•
Brunilde Sansò (École Polytechnique de Montréal)
•
Paolo Costa (Kushagra Vaid, Microsoft Research)
•
Klaus Lange (Hplabs)
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Giovanni Di Gennaro
Dottor
Giovanni Di Gennaro
Thanks!
Any questions?