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The passato prossimo is the SIMPLE PAST TENSE in Italian.
It expresses actions that have been completed and are no longer happening.
The passato prossimo is equivalent to the ending
“-ed” in English
Per esempio:
They danced at the party
I walked to school.
She laughed at the joke.
She left for work
1. Is there an –ed on the end?
2. Is the action still happening?
I walked to school.
They danced at the party
She left for work
She spoke at the meeting.
Now that you understand WHAT the
passato prossimo expresses…
Let’s conjugate!
In Order to use the passato prossimo you need…
A Helping verb is used in the Passato Prossimo to tell you
WHO did the action
We use either…
io
noi
io
noi
tu
voi
tu
voi
lui / lei
loro
lui / lei
loro
The past participle is the verb.
It tells you what action was done.
It is semi-equivalent to the –ed ending in English.
Examples:
danced
jumped
lived
walked
studied
laughed
opened
listened
talked
Step 1:
Take the infinitive of the verb
Parlare
The verb when it is not
conjugated. Remove
Meaning it still has the
ARE, ERE or IRE ending
Step 2:
the ARE , ERE, IRE ending of the verb
Parlare
Step 3:
Add the past participle endings
If the verb ends in:
Add this ending:
ARE
ATO
ERE
UTO
IRE
ITO
Parlato
To form the passato prossimo…
know the formula:
(ATO, UTO, ITO)
Follow these steps, to fill in the formula:
WHAT verb are you using?
&
WHO are you conjugating for?
(io,tu, lui,lei, noi, voi, loro)
Conjugate AVERE for the
subject you chose in step 1.
ho
abbiamo
hai
avete
ha
hanno
Take the verb
(in this case, that action that is completed)
and form it into an…
ATO, UTO, ITO
Nowwww, follow the steps to say:
We cooked dinner.
WHAT verb are you using?
&
WHO are you conjugating for?
(io,tu, lui,lei, noi, voi, loro)
cucinare
noi
Conjugate AVERE for the
subject you chose in step 1.
Take the verb & make it
into a Past Participle.
cucinare
cucinato
We cooked dinner =
Avere
+
Past Participle
1.
Ieri sera, io ___________________________ (mangiare) pizza per la cena.
2.
La settimana scorsa tu ____________________ (giocare) a baseball.
3.
Ieri Mario ______________________ (chiamare) suo nonno.
4.
Caterina _______________________ (camminare) a scuola lunedi’.
5.
6.
Noi __________________________ (guardare) un film sabato.
Voi ____________________________ (parlare) con il professore dopo classe.
7. Marco e Carla _______________________ (dormire) tardi domenica mattina.
Not ALL past participles end in ATO, UTO or ITO.
aprire
bere
chiedere
(you didn’t think you were going to get away that easy did you???)
Some past participles are irregular...
Unfortunately there are no tricks,
no secrets,
no easy way out…
JUST MEMORIZE THEM!!!
chiudere
scendere
scrivere
sorridere
conoscere
leggere
prendere
spendere
correre
mettere
ridere
vedere
decidere
morire
rimanere
venire
dire
nascere
rispondere
vincere
fare
perdere
rompere
vivere
On the next slide you will see
ONLY
the irregular pp’s that take Avere
aprire - aperto
bere -
bevuto
chiedere - chiesto
chiudere - chiuso
conoscere - conosciuto
correre decidere -
dire fare -
leggere -
letto
detto
fatto
scritto
mettere - messo
sorridere - sorriso
perdere - perso
spendere -
vedere -
corso
deciso
scrivere -
prendere ridere -
preso
riso
rispondere - risposto
speso
visto
vincere - vinto
vivere - vissuto
1.
La settimana scorsa, io ___________________________ (vedere) un film.
2.
Ieri, tu ____________________ (leggere) un libro.
3.
Ieri Mario ______________________ (correre) dopo scuola.
4.
Caterina _______________________ (scrivere) un racconto.
5.
6.
Noi __________________________ (fare) il compito ieri sera..
Voi ____________________________ (perdere) le chiave!
7. Marco e Carla _______________________ (spendere) molti soldi al
grande magazzino.
Follow the SAME steps as you did when using Avere, BUT substitute Essere
to fill in the formula:
WHAT verb are you using?
&
WHO are you conjugating for?
(io,tu, lui,lei, noi, voi, loro)
Take the verb
(in this case, that action that is completed)
and form it into an…
ATO, UTO, ITO
Conjugate ESSERE for the subject
you chose in step 1.
sono
siamo
sei
siete
è
sono
WAIT!!! There’s an extra Step!!
(Next slide)
But wait… There’s more!
When using ESSERE you MUST make sure:
IF you are talking about
MORE THAN 1 PERSON :
Or
1 boy or 1 girl
You change the last letter of the
ATO, UTO, ITO (“pp”) to:
If speaking
about
1 girl.
If speaking
about
2 or more girls.
If speaking
about
1 boy.
If speaking
about
2 or more
boys.
When using the Passato Prossimo, some verbs will take
ESSERE as their helping verbs NOT Avere.
But Miss D, how will we know!??!?!
There are three ways to recognize verbs that
take Essere in the Past:
1.
2..
3.
1
If the meaning of the verb falls into one of
these categories, it most likely takes
ESSERE
Here is a list of Verbs that use ESSERE as the helping
verb:
arrivare
restare
Mrs. Vanderpuverscats
Ciao! I’m Mrs. Vanderpuverscats
The letters of my name stand for
All of the verbs that take ESSERE
in the passato prossimo!
Its simple, just memorize!!
2
orire
itornare
cendere
enire
ndare
ascere
iventare
ssere
imanere
artire
scire
ivere
ntrare
estare
tare
adere
rrivare
ornare
alire
Don’t forget about my daughter
Ms. V. Verns! She can help you
remember the irregular pp’s
that take ESSERE!
Irregular PP – a past participle that
Doesn’t follow the regular
ATO, UTO, ITO formation
orire
cendere
Ciao studenti! I’m Ms. Vanessa Verns
My name will remind you of the
Irregular past participles
that go with ESSERE!
morto
sceso
enire
venuto
ivere
vissuto
stato
ssere
imanere
ascere
tare
rimasto
nato
stato
3
Most verbs that
Describe something
you do in your house,
fall into
The House of Essere,
therefore, they take
ESSERE in the
passato prossimo
(Match up all of the verbs from
Mrs. Vanderscupersat,
and relate them to the house!)
The house of Essere!!!
1.
Ieri sera, Noi ___________________________ (andare) al cinema.
2.
Io ______________________________ (mangiare) la pizza.
3.
Loro _____________________ (partire) alle sette.
4.
Lui __________________________ (parlare) con la mamma.
5.
Voi ________________________ (entrare) a casa tardi.
6.
Maria _________________________ (bere) una soda con la cena.
7.
Tu ________________________ (essere) stanca.
8.
Dopo la classe, noi ______________________ (uscire).
9.
Io ____________________________ (decidere) di andare alla festa.
Avete finito il ripasso
del passato prossimo!
Adesso andate avanti per ripassare gli
altri powerpoint.