SPECTROMETER(S) Prospects for a New
Neutrino CERN-PS Experiment:
Neutrino Experiment with SpectrometerS in
Europe
Luca Stanco - CdS Padova
1
As a summary of tensions on Neutrino Oscillation business:
F.Mills,
July 2010
Luca Stanco - CdS Padova
2
Neutrino Oscillation:
problem solved?
• Neutrino oscillations have established a picture and a large number
of experiments consistent with the mixing of three physical
neutrino ne,nm and nt with mass eigenstates n1,n2 and n3.
• There are however a number of anomalies which, if confirmed,
could be due to the presence of an additional, large squared mass
difference and of additional neutrinos.
• Two distinct classes of anomalies have been observed, namely
– apparent disappearance signals: (1) the anti-ne events detected from
near-by nuclear reactors and (2) from the from Mega-Curie k-capture
calibration sources in the Gallium experiments to detect solar ne
– observation for excess signals of ne electrons from neutrinos from
particle accelerators (LNSD/MiniBooNE)
– and… MINOS (CPT?)
Luca Stanco - CdS Padova
3
Anomalies in n mesures at reactors
G. Mention et al. arXiv:1101.2755v1 [hep-ex] Experimental results
are compared to the prediction without oscillation, taking into account
the new spectra, the neutron mean lifetime and the off-equilibrium
effects. The averaged ratio is 0.937 ±0.027
Luca Stanco - CdS Padova
4
LSND: Evidence for
(nm  ne)
Excess of events: 87.9
22.4
6.0
Beam related
backgrounds
Expectation for
oscillations
Data points after
background subtraction
Luca Stanco - CdS Padova
5
Putting together LNSD and MiniBooNE
F.Mills,
ICHEP,
July 2010
Plus reactors’ “anomaly”, Gallium “anomaly”, cosmology indications…
Luca Stanco - CdS Padova
6
Luca Stanco - CdS Padova
7
A complicated picture ?
 Sterile neutrino models
 3+2 next minimal extension to 3+1
models
 2 independent m2
 4 mixing parameters
 1 Dirac CP phase allowing difference
between neutrinos and antineutrinos
FROM COSMOLOGY
CMB + LSS + ΛCDM
Ns= 1.6 ± 0.9
Hamann, Hannestad, Raffelt,
Tamborra,
Wong, PRL 105 (2010) 181301
Number of sterile neutrinos
Luca Stanco - CdS Padova
8
REVIVAL OF THE CERN PS NEUTRINO BEAM
Why a New Neutrino Facility ?
• The idea for reviving the CERN PS neutrino beam
line was triggered by a letter of intent from an
experimental collaboration led by C. Rubbia*
• Since then a more concrete experimental proposal is
being considered
• However, it can also be used for other
experiments/studies:
– Neutrino cross section measurements at very low
energies (on and/or off-axis)
– Target R&D
– Detector studies, etc......
* Memorandum to SPSC, March 9th 2011
Beyond 3 Family Neutrino
Oscillations, 4 May 2011
Rende Steerenberg, CERN Switzerland
9
 Aim:
Investigating the existence of sterile neutrinos through
the measurement of νμ → νe oscillations by using a low energy
νμ or νμ beam in combination with a close and far liquid argon
time projection chamber.
What about νμ → νm oscillations ??
Consider for example a 3+2 Sterile Neutrino model by Kopp et al.
APPEARANCE
nm  ne
DISAPPEARANCE
ne  ne
DISAPPEARANCE
nm  nm

TO BE FOLDED with the n
m , ne , nm , ne BEAM compositions/contaminations

and with n and n Luca
cross-sections
Stanco - CdS Padova !
10
C. Rubbia et al A search for anomalous neutrino
disappearance and oscillatory phenomena at the CERN-PS”
•Memorandum to SPSC, March 9th 2011
FAR
at PS site
NEAR
The large number of models (i.e. the lack of conclusive DATA)
implies the ABSOLUTE need for a DOUBLE measure: FAR and NEAR
to establish what is oscillating and what is not
TWO SPECTROMETERS
Luca Stanco - CdS Padova
11
Charge and momentum measurements in Neutrino Interactions
for the Charge Current mode: important and challenging
Important because:
• increase the active target mass by measuring the muon momentum
• increase the range of m2 (at higher values, especially in the eV2 range)
• calibration of the beam with a clean muon measurement at high p
• normalization point for the NC/CC rates
• clean separation of nu and anti-nu interactions
• disentangle the nu and anti-nu reverse contaminations in the beams
Challenging because:
• find best compromise between passive and active materials
Luca Stanco - CdS Padova
12
FAR site
* Liquid Argon is the best option
as for
- backgrounds
- energy range
- full measure of n interaction
The Target coverage
must be as large as possible
Luca Stanco - CdS Padova
13
GOALS/CAVEATS
Perform a DESIGN STUDY for a two-module Detector as
-
cheap
almost no R&D
fast
fully compatible with the LAr proposal(s)
standalone
maximizing the physics output
Luca Stanco - CdS Padova
14
In conclusion:
• “light” spectrometer, e.g. 2.5 cm iron slabs
• several detection layers, e.g. 8 layers per arm
• as wide as possible, e.g. 2*8 m (w) * 5 m (h)
Dipole with B=1.5 Tesla
Use RPC detectors ALAOP and Precision Trackers
FAR = 2 * NEAR
2m
(2 arms)
5m
8m
8m
UNDER STUDY !!!
Luca Stanco - CdS Padova
15
Possible Physics output:
FAR site
nm-bar LAr+Spect (Q)
nm LAr+Spect (Q)
Reconstructed Neutrino Energy
Luca Stanco - CdS Padova
16
Actions so far and in the near future
MAY: presentations done to Neutrino Conferences
⇒ the physics case well accepted
preliminary discussion with INFN mangement
⇒ INFN Giunta OK but no money for the beam
discussions with CERN mangement
⇒ READY to pursue the beam project
and to pay for the beam
JUNE: preliminary discussions with CNII
⇒ go ahead with the study and the setting up of Collaboration
SEPTEMBER: evaluation in CNII
submission of a Memorandum to CERN-SPSC
NEXT: optimize the magnets and the detectors
Luca Stanco - CdS Padova
17
CERN position
 A very exciting physics experiment is proposed for the more than 50
years old CERN PS

CERN Research Board meeting of 8 June: Team set up.
 TT7 and nTOF beam sharing makes efficient use of the CERN PS:

The proposed experiment could be completed in 3 to 4 runs without forming
any competition for protons with other experiments
 Shortening possible by dedicated running
 nTOF would gain also on the number of integrated protons
 No direct competition for protons between PS and SPS neutrino
facilities
 Large part of the required infrastructure is available, but needs to be
consolidated
 Everything else needs to be designed and constructed
 The facility can also be (re-)used for other low energy neutrino
physics, target R&D, Detector R&D, etc...
Luca Stanco - CdS Padova
18
Collaboration
Bari: 0.4 FTE/2
Bologna: 1.1/4
Frascati: 0.2/2
Lecce: 0.5/2
Padova: 1.6/7
Roma1: 0.6/3
Salerno: 0.3/2
TOTAL: 4.7 FTE / 22 people
In case the DESIGN STUDY will become an EXPERIMENT
Be ready to multiple people for about 2 and FTE for about 4
In the near future: expression of interest from
- 2 other Italian sites
- French groups
- Cinese group
Luca Stanco - CdS Padova
19
Coinvolgimenti:
BARI: Simulazione, Front-End
BOLOGNA: Simulazione, Software, DAQ, Disegno, Meccanica
FRASCATI: Simulazioni, Disegno, Rivelatori
LECCE: Rivelatori, Meccanica, Front-End, DAQ
PADOVA: Simulazione, Disegno, DAQ, Meccanica
ROMA-1: Simulazione e Software
SALERNO: Software e Calcolo
Luca Stanco - CdS Padova
20
Gruppo di Padova:
R.Bertolin (30%). Responsabile Locale
F.Dal Corso (10%)
S. Dusini (40%)
C.Fanin (10%)
M. Laveder (10%)
M.Mezzetto (20%)
L.Stanco (40%). Responsabile Nazionale
Riferimenti nella collaborazione
- Alessandro Bertolin: DAQ
- Stefano Dusini: Simulazione Detector e DAQ
- Marco Laveder: Studio Fisica
- Mauro Mezzetto: Studio Fisica e Simulazione
- Luca Stanco: Supervisione Costi e Collaborazione
Nel 2012 si dovrà ottimizzare la struttura.
È mandatory costituire un team multi-site di Ingegneri Meccanici.
A Padova si chiedono 6 mesi-uomo di Ingegnere e 6 mesi-uomo di disegnatore
Luca Stanco - CdS Padova
21
Richieste finanziarie 2012
(Richieste molto limitate per il prossimo anno)
Missioni Interne: 27 K€ (6 a PD)
Missioni Estero: 24 K€ (6 a PD)
Consumo: 33 K€ (8 a PD)
Inventario: 5 K€ (3 a PD)
 Tot 89 K€, di cui 23 a Padova
Richieste ai servizi PADOVA per il 2012:
Elettronica: 2 m.u. per consulenza DAQ
2 m.u. per consulenza Front-End
Meccanica: 4 mesi uomo prototipizzazione
Uffico Tecnico: 6+6 mesi per Struttura meccanica
Luca Stanco - CdS Padova
22
Tentative FINANCIAL and TEMPORAL plan for 2013-2017
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
plus possible (minor) non-INFN contributions
Luca Stanco - CdS Padova
23
Learn Physics with Nessie
Luca Stanco - CdS Padova
24