The PSIHO Project
Photoneutron Source In HOspital
In-hospital installation of Dedicated Linac &
New PhoNeS photoconverter
Gianrossano GIANNINI
([email protected]) Physics Dept. Trieste University and INFN
Via Valerio 2, Trieste, 34127, Italy
Financially supported by:
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
•Ministery of Industry, Research and University
•Fondazione CRT Torino
At present
Cavity: 20 x 20 x 10 cm3
PhoNeS Bianco prototype
Lead slabs, thickness 1 mm
D2O
GRAPHITE
50% Epoxy resin slabs, thickness 2 mm
GRAPHITE
50% boron carbide slabs
LEAD
POLYETHILENE
MCNP-GN simulation
Closed cavity configuration
• Two carbon fibre boxes filled with heavy
water and a polyethylene slab to close
60 cm
60 cm
Graphite:
- 2 horizontal blocks, 15 x 30 x 60 cm3
- 2 vertical blocks, 15 x 30 x 30 cm3
Thermal neutron field of suitable
intensity and energy spectral distribution
for biological samples irradiation
Universita’ degli Studi di Torino
II Facolta’ di Medicina e Chirurgia
ASO San Luigi Gonzaga Orbassano Torino
Orbassano –Torino (Italy)
BUNKER
The hospital was
funded in 1818.
Since 1970 is
situated in the
new location.
It is leader in the
treatment of lung
diseases.
Campioni di tessuti polmonari umani, in seguito a rimozione chirurgica
presso l’ospedale S. Luigi Orbassano di Torino
dopo perfusione con boron-phenyl-alanine arricchita in 10B (10BPA) per 2 ore,
Campioni ~10mm di spessore e ~ 1cm2 di area preparati su lastrine di CR-39
Convertitore fotoneutronico PhoNeS montato presso il linac Elekta SLIT 25 MV
dell’Ospedale Le Molinette di Torino
Campioni biologici su CR-39 due strati (37 x 13 x 1 mm3) esposti a neutroni termici
nella cavita’ di PhoNeS
Electa SL25
25 MV
70000 M.U.
@400 M.U./min
104 s ~ 3 hours
PHONES
~1011 n/cm2
CR-39 ANALYSIS
Histological samples on CR-39 detectors and corresponding image of
samples after irradiation.
Image
processing
• ImageJ.
• Cinema 4D.
• Surfer8.
green>20ppm
blue>40ppm
orange>60ppm
red>80ppm
Colordensitometry
Image-Pro Plus ©
Microscopic Image
Automated Analysis
for hole area study and counting
ug(Pavia)
/ mL &or intensità
pixel
μg/ml
ppm (Trieste/Como)
DETERMINATION
BORON
CONCENTRATION
AT
VARIOUS
DETERMINAZIONEOF
DEL
BORO EMATICO
A VARI TEMPI
DOPO
PERFUSIONE
CON BPAWITH 10BPA
TIMES AFTER
PERFUSION
140.0
ICP-MS @ PAVIA
CR39 @ TRIESTE
Si Det @ COMO
120.0
100.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
0
30
60
90
120
Time,
minmin
tempo,
150
180
210
240
Analisi di campioni biologici da tessuto umano trattato con perfusione ex-vivo
con BPA per studiare diversi tipi di patologie tumorali (in particolare il
mesotelioma) seguendo le indicazioni degli oncologi.
Si prevede che nei prossimi decenni (2015) il mesotelioma polmonare (neoplasia della pleura
polmonare) diventi uno dei tumori con il più alto tasso di incidenza a causa dell’uso industriale e
civile dell’amianto negli ultimi 20-30 anni. QUESTO ASPETTO E’ DI GRANDE
INTERESSE PER LA COMPONENTE OSPEDALIERA.
In Regione Piemonte si prevede un
numero rilevante di pazienti affetti
da tale patologia per la presenza di
impianti industriali che utilizzavano
o producevano eternit (“Eternit” di
Casale Monferrato), e come
dimostrato anche da recenti fatti di
cronaca (Chivasso (TO), 22/07/08)
Le regioni più colpite dal mesotelioma, il
cosidetto “mal d’amianto”,sono:
Liguria, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Piemonte
e Lombardia
Dedicated Linac: advantages & goals
•
Possibility of full time use of the LINAC overcoming the restriction imposed
by radiotherapy departments for the use of clinical accelerators:
– Time restriction (following the patients timetable)
– Impossibility to modify the machine parameters
• Removing filters (flattening
and hardening filters) from the
linac gantry
• Improving the linac duty
cycle, (increasing beam current,
repetiton rate, pulse duration,
etc.)
to obtain
10
2,0x10
Gamma Fluence Rate on PhoNeS (FILTERS)
Gamma Fluence Rate on PhoNeS (NO FILTERS)
Gamma Fluence Rate (cm-2s-1)
• For photoneutron production it is
not necessary to have an optimized
gamma beam
10
1,5x10
(g,n) treashold energy region
Neutron photoproduction
+1.5 times higher
10
1,0x10
9
5,0x10
0,0
0
5
10
15
20
Energy (MeV)
• higher gamma fluence rate
• higher neutron photoproduction
25
At present
Experimental set-up for biological trials
•
e-Linac Elekta 25 MeV max dose rate 400
UM/min
•
PhoNeS Bianco
(weight ~ 400 kg – assembling time ~ 1.5 ore)
•
Thermal neutron fluence rate
~ 1E7 n cm-2s-1
•
Biologiacl samples: primary lung carcinoma
UM total: 70000;
Total fluence: ~ 1E11 ncm-2;
Irradiation Time: ~ 3 hrs
BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES
INSIDE THE CAVITY
The irradiation has been carried out at Radiotherapy Department of
San Giovanni Battista Molinette Hospital (Turin, Italy)
FUTURE
PhoNeS Optimized Prototype
GRAPHITE
LEAD
HEAVY WATER
POLYETHILENE
IRRADIATION CAVITY
•An optimized geometrical
configuration of the various
components has been designed.
•The high-Z core for neutron
production and the low-Z
moderating
structures
are
suitably shaped.
7
2,5x10
PhoNeS Optimized Prototype
Neutron Fluence Rate (cm-2s-1)
PhoNeS Bianco
7
2,0x10
PhoNeS
Optimized
7
1,5x10
Neutron photoproduction
15 times higher
by using PhoNeS optimized
prototype and dedicated LINAC
7
1,0x10
PhoNeS
Bianco
6
5,0x10
0,0
-8
10
-7
10
-6
10
-5
-4
1x10 1x10
-3
10
Energy (MeV)
-2
10
-1
10
0
10
1
10
PhoNeS Bianco vs PhoNeS Optimized Prototype
PhoNeS Prototypes Neutron Beam Parameter
PhoNeS Bianco
PhoNeS Optimized
Thermal
Neutron
Fluence Rate
1.01E7 cm-2s-1
1.50E8 cm-2s-1
(78%)
(73%)
Epithermal
Neutron
Fluence Rate
2.18E6 cm-2s-1
4.08E7 cm-2s-1
(18%)
(20%)
5.88E5 cm-2s-1
1.43E7 cm-2s-1
(4%)
(7%)
3 hrs
(1E11 ncm-2)
12 min
(1E11 ncm-2)
FastNeutron
Fluence Rate
Biological
samples
irradiation
time
BUNKER INSTALLATION SITE
•
ASU San Luigi Gonzaga Orbassano (TO)
CORRIDOR
CONTROL ROOM
BUNKER
Already built and actually not used for radiotherapy.
Proposed by San Luigi Gonzaga hospital for PhoNeS
BNCT studies
Conclusion
• A dedicated LINAC and an optimized PhoNeS prototype could provide an
increase of neutron photoproduction of:
• about +1.5 times by removing filters (flattening and hardening)
• about +4 times by increasing LINAC beam power
• about +2.5 times by using PhoNeS optimized prototype
• for a total of about 15 times higher in neutron photoproduction
12 min.  total thermal neutron fluence rate of 1E11 cm-2
FIRST IN-HOSPITAL NEUTRON SOURCE FOR BNCT RESEARCH!
(available to the worldwide BNCT scientific community)
Collaboration
Institutes
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hospitals
INFN Torino
INFN Trieste
Università degli Studi di Torino
Politecnico di Torino
Università degli Studi di Trieste
Università dell’ Insubria di Como
Università degli Studi di Pavia
Universita’ FedericoII di Napoli
Universita’ La Cattolica di Roma
•IRCC Candiolo (Torino)
•ASO Mauriziano Umberto I° (Torino)
•AOU San Luigi – Orbassano (Torino)
•AOU San Giovanni Battista (Torino)
•ASO Sant’Anna (Como)
•Ospedale Maggiore (Trieste)
•ST. JOHANNS HOSPITAL Salisburgo
Industries
SORDINA s.p.a. Saonara (PD)
Elekta Company
Tecnologie Avanzate s.r.l. ( Torino)
PSIHO Photoneutron Source In HOspital
TRIESTE: Gianrossano Giannini (100%, Resp.Loc., P.O.),
ErikVallazza (20%, P.R.), Massimo Vascotto (20%, D.S.S.),
A.Zanini (Resp.Naz., INFN Torino)
• Richieste finanziarie locali a Ts (kE)
MI:9.0 ME:4.0 MC:6.0 TR:2.0 CA:8.0 TOT:29
• Richieste servizi: Officina Meccanica :S.Reia
(2m/u), D.Iugovaz (1m/u);
Laboratorio Elettronica e Rivelatori : M.Bari (1m/u)
Torino-Trieste-Como project
Previous results
• Linac accelerators already exist in
hospital radiotherapy departments
• well-known technology
accepted by patients and
medical staff
• Projects PHONES, NOE, NOE2
supported by INFN from 2005 to
2010
• Encouraging results obtained
during:
•feasibility study,
•first prototype test (PhoNeS
Bianco),
•first biological trials on human
lungs
In-Hospital installation of Dedicated Linac
&
PhoNeS Optimized Prototype
• Great interest by San Luigi Gonzaga hospital
(Orbassano, Torino) for BNCT study on lung
tumors
(adenocarcinoma, mesothelioma)
• Availability by Elekta company in order to
provide a decommisioned 18 MV Linac and to
adapte for BNCT studies
• Possibility of installation in radiotheraoy
dept. of San Luigi Gonzaga hospital with
collaboration and assistance of radiotherapy
staff.
• Applications in BNCT:
•analysis of 10B uptake in different lung
cancer
•study of the behaviour and efficacy of
different 10B carriers
• Multidisciplinary applications
cultural heritage studies, neutron radiography,
etc.