JLab12 / 2A parte
Evaristo Cisbani / Roma gruppo collegato Sanità
Esperimenti
• Hypernuclei
Gradi di libertà nucleari
• Pb-QuasiElastico
• PVES/PREX
Gradi di libertà nucleonici
• Form Factors @ 12GeV
Apparati
• SBS Front Tracker
• Milestones / Richieste Finanziarie
21 Set 2009 / CSN III
JLab12 - E. Cisbani
1
Electroproduction of Hypernuclei in HallA
e  Z  e  K  
A
A
Z 1L
Hypernucleus
L
Kaon detected
by HRSk
Scattered electron
Detected by HRSe
K+
e’
N…N
C at JLab)
16O16N
energy)
L
beam
L (precise determination of L binding
Experimental requirements:
p
p
N…N
Nucleus
21 Set 2009 / CSN III
Reactions Investigated:
9Be9Li (spin doublets, information on s-s)
L
12C12B (comparison with previous data: better
L
understanding of results with hadron probes and Hall
g*
e
Study L-N Interaction potential
Excellent Energy Resolution
Detection at very forward angles (6° to
obtain practical counting rates septum
magnets)
Excellent Particle Identification,
unambiguous kaon selection RICH
High luminosity
Adapted from: F. Cusanno, Hyp-X Conference, Tokai,
Ibaraki, Japan, 15th of September, 2009
JLab12 – Hypernuclei - E. Cisbani
2
Results on
16O
target – Hypernuclear Spectrum of
Theory
16N
L
/ 13.76 ±0.16
Fit
Binding Energy BL=13.76 ± 0.16
(stat) ± 0.05 (sys) MeV
Measured for the first time with this
level of accuracy

Fit to the data (red line): Fit 4 regions with 4 Voigt functions  c2/ndf = 1.19

Theoretical model (blu line) based on :
i) SLA p(e,e’K+)L (elementary process)
ii) LN interaction fixed parameters from KEK and BNL
Paper resubmitted to PRL
21 Set 2009 / CSN III
16
LO
spectra (J. Millener)
Adapted from: F. Cusanno, Hyp-X Conference, Tokai,
Ibaraki, Japan, 15th of September, 2009
JLab12 - Hypernuclei - E. Cisbani
3
JLAB Hall A E-94107: Preliminary Results on 9Be target
Theory
(J. Millener and M. Sotona)
Fit (four peaks)
TO DO:
Adapted from: F. Cusanno, Hyp-X Conference, Tokai,
Ibaraki, Japan, 15th of September, 2009
21 Set 2009 / CSN III
JLab12 - Hypernuclei - E. Cisbani
Use Be windows data
of waterfall target to
increase statistics
4
E-07-012 - The Angular Dependence of
16O(e,e’K)16N and 1H(e,e’K)L
L
Will run right before 6
GeV shutdown
These data and, especially, the ratio of HN to the elementary cross section will give:
• new valuable information on hypernuclear structure (including spin assignment of
produced hypernuclear states), and reaction mechanisms
• the modification of the dynamics of the (e,e’K+) process in the nuclear medium.
Parasitic test for E-08-012 Study of Light Hypernuclei by Pionic Decay at JLab
21 Set 2009 / CSN III
JLab12 - Hypernuclei - E. Cisbani
5
(Pb-QE)
Studio correlazione long-range e dinamica relativistica nel mezzo nucleare
21 Set 2009 / CSN III
Adapted from Guido Urciuoli
JLab12 – PbQE - E. Cisbani
6
Esperimenti di Violazione della Parità
• Misura accurata della asimmetria nei processi elastici (e DIS) di elettroni
polarizzati longitudinalmente su nucleone/nucleo non polarizzato
2

g
e
+
Z0
e
• Accesso alle costanti di accoppiamento deboli elettroni-quark (u/d) delle
correnti neutre, ovvero alla corrente debole del protone, ovvero all’angolo
di mixing debole
• Pone limiti su esistenza di nuova fisica (PVDIS, QWeak, Möller)
• Ha permesso la misura del contributo dei quark s ai fattori di forma del
nucleone (HAPPEX, G0)
• Permette la misura di importanti grandezze nucleari soppressi nei
processi elettromagnetici  PREX
21 Set 2009 / CSN III
JLab12 – PVES - E. Cisbani
7
Violazione di Parità e l’angolo di mixing a basse energie
Programma rilevante delle sale A e C
21 Set 2009 / CSN III
JLab12 – PVES - E. Cisbani
8
Lead (208Pb) Radius Experiment: PREX
Elastic Scattering Parity Violating Asymmetry
E = 850 MeV, J=6° electrons on lead
Clean Probe Couples Mainly to Neutrons
(T.W. Donnelly, J. Dubach, I. Sick)
In PWIA:
208Pb
w/Coulomb distortions (C. J. Horowitz) :
dA
 3% 
A
dRn
 1%
Rn
•Implicazioni su equazione di stato stelle neutroni
•Propedeutico per test standard model
21 Set 2009 / CSN III
In run primavera 2010
Adapted from Guido Urciuoli
JLab12 – PVES/PREX - E. Cisbani
9
Fattori di Forma Elettromagnetici del Nucleone
d
 2
2
 GEp
 GMp
d

Nella separazione Rosenbluth
l’approssimazione di singolo fotone
scambiato non sembra adeguata
GEp
GMp

Pt ( Ebeam  Ee )
J
tan e
Pl
2M p
2
Trasferimento di polarizzazione dalla
sonda elettronica al protone diffuso
elasticamente
Evidente discrepanza tra i due metodi di
misura. Mal comprensione dei
meccanismi di QED nei processi elastici!
+ nuove informazioni nello studio della struttura del nucleone
21 Set 2009 / CSN III
JLab12 – FF@12GeV - E. Cisbani
10
Approved FF Experiments @ 12 GeV
• E12-07-109: GEp up to 14.5 GeV2 by recoil-polarization
– Require high lumi (low analyzing power and elastic
cross section ~ E2beam/Q16
• E12-09-016: GEn/GMn up to 10 GeV2 by beam-target
double-polarization:
– Polarized 3He, neutron detector
– Doulbe Spin Asymmetry ~ GE/GM
• E12-09-019: GMn up to 13.5→18 GeV2 by cross section
ratio D(e,e’n)/D(e,e’p)
– High luminosity; neutron detector
+ SIDIS @ 12 GeV (see Patrizia Rossi)
 New SBS Spectrometer
21 Set 2009 / CSN III
JLab12 - FF@12GeV - E. Cisbani
11
EM FF: Perché alti Q2

Test per molti modelli
fenomenologici.
 Studio regione di transizione tra
la descrizione non- e perturbativa
della QCD
 Constraint of the H and E GPD
21 Set 2009 / CSN III
JLab12 - FF@12GeV - E. Cisbani
12
New SBS Spectrometer (GEP5 Conf.)
• Alta Luminosità (1038 /cm2/s)
• Angoli molto in avanti
• Moderatamente larga
accettanza
• Buona risoluzione in momento
(0.5% a 4-8 GeV/c)
• Buona risoluzione angolare 0.2
mrad
• Flessibilità (possibilità di
riconfugurare i rivelatori in
modo ottimale
Responsabili dello sviluppo del
tracciatore GEM
+ design elettronica per tutti i
rivelatori GEM
hallaweb.jlab.org/12GeV/SuperBigBite/
21 Set 2009 / CSN III
Front
Tracker
Pol.
GEM
HCAL
ECAL
GEP
X
X
X
X
GEN
X(BB)
GMN
X(BB)
SIDIS
X(BB)
X
A1n
X(BB)
X
A(Q2)
X(BB)
RCS
SRC
e,e’f
BigBen
BigBite
RICH
BB
Calo
X
X
X
X
X
X(gas)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X(gas)
X
X
X
X
X(gas)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
JLab12 – XSBS Tracker
- E.XCisbani
X
X
X
X
X
X(gas)
X
X
13
X
SBS Tracking Requirements
Tracking Technology
Requirements
Drift
High Rate (up to): 0.55+0.17
MHz/cm2
High Resolution: <100 mm
Large Area: 40x80 and 100 x
200 cm2 (+ minimize dead area)
NO
MPGD
Silicon
MHz/mm2 MHz/mm2
Achievable
50 mm
30 mm
YES
Doable
Very
Expensive
… and modular: reuse in different geometrical configuration
MPGD = Micro Pattern Gas Detector (GEM, Micromegas …)
21 Set 2009 / CSN III
JLab12 - SBS Tracker - E. Cisbani
14
GEM for SBS
•
•
•
•
Standard 3 GEM foils
2D Readout plane, 0.4 mm pitch
Approx. 50000 channels
Chamber made by 40x50 cm2 modules
21 Set 2009 / CSN III
• Minimize frames (8 mm width)
• Minimize front-end electronics size
• Minimize cabling
• Optimize HV distribution
Sezioni coinvolte: BA + CT + GE + ISS
JLab12 - SBS Tracker - E. Cisbani
15
GEM: Prototype 0 and 1
• First 10x10 prototypes
under cosmic test
• Using 70/30 Ar/CO2 gas
mixture
• 7 Independent HV levels
up to ~ 5000 V
Assembling the GEM chambers parts require
a careful quality control at several check
points and specific tools for gluing, heating,
testing, cleaning
Final 40x50 cm2 module finalized; GEM foils and readout ordered
21 Set 2009 / CSN III
JLab12 - SBS Tracker - E. Cisbani
16
+ Small Silicon Detector
SD
(x/y)
Chamber doublet
Dipole
Track
Angular Range
21 Set 2009 / CSN III
JLab12 - E. Cisbani
17
SiD Detector Layout (RM1)
2000 ch.
10cm
2000 ch.
FE
2000 ch.
FE
FE
20cm
50mm
FE
~ 1 40x100 cm2 GEM chamber
2000 ch.
Costo e X0 equivalenti
21 Set 2009 / CSN III
JLab12 - E. Cisbani
18
SBS Front Tracker: Modellizzazione + Rec
Photons largest background (80%)
GEANT4 + Root
FEM
21 Set 2009 / CSN III
JLab12 - E. Cisbani
19
SBS Front Tracker Electronics
• Use APV25 (CMS and COMPASS): 128
analog channels at 40 MHz; no real
alternative existing
• Compact FrontEnd card designed by GE
• Cabling minimized by flexible backplane
• Work in progress on ADC Module (for 16
APV25) in VME64x standard
• Read both SiD e GEM
21 Set 2009 / CSN III
JLab12 - E. Cisbani
20
SBS: Collaborazione Internazionale
Progetto SBS in sottomissione al DOE da parte dei
gruppi americani (CMU, UVA, W&M, NSU,
Rutgers&UNH, JLab) per circa 3 M$ (+ contingenza)
+ Glasgow
+ FIU
21 Set 2009 / CSN III
JLab12 - E. Cisbani
21
JLab12: Milestones 2010
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
0
1
1
Presa dati esperimento PREX (sala A)
Presa dati esperimento g9-FROST (sala B)
Presa dati esperimenti DVCS (sala A) e HD-Ice (sala B)
Test sui prototipi del rivelatore centrale per neutroni di
CLAS12
Analisi sistematica tramite spettroscopia Raman di
composizione del gas HD
Conclusione simulazioni e allestimento facility per i test su
componenti calorimetro del Forward tagger per CLAS12
Sottomissione per pubblicazione dei seguenti lavori:
1)misura sezione d'urto gamma n->k+sigma- 2) misura
correlazioni ed effetti relativistici nel piombo 3) misura dei
momenti della funzione di struttura F2 nei nuclei
Avanzamento prototipazione RICH per CLAS12
Avanzamento prototipazione GEM per il tracker della sala A
21 Set 2009 / CSN III
JLab12 - E. Cisbani
22
1
2
JLab12: Richiesta Finanziaria 2010
Capitoli vs Sottoprogetti
COL
GEM
RICH
FT
CD
HD
Totale
MI
32,5
0
17
0
11,5
0
10
0
8
0
0
0
79
ME
316,5
0
57
0
33
0
0
0
0
0
45,5
0
452
CO
35
0
13
0
32
0
5
0
0
0
13
0
98
TR
2,5
0
4,5
0
10
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
22
IN
47,5
0
17,5
0
5
0
0
0
6,5
0
2
0
78,5
SW
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
AP
0
0
86
36
83
0
63
0
0
0
25
0
293
436
0
195
36
174,5
0
78
0
19,5
0
85,5
0
1024,5
Totale
COL
GEM
RICH
FT
CD
HD
= Funzionamento collaborazione
= Tracciatore per SBS
= RICH per CLAS12
= Forward Tagger per CLAS12
= Central Neutron Detector
= HD-ice target
21 Set 2009 / CSN III
JLab12 - E. Cisbani
23
JLab12: Richiesta Finanziaria 2010
Sezioni vs Sottoprogetti
COL
GEM
RICH
FT
CD
HD
Totale
BA
20,5
0
19,5
0
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
52
CT
60
0
83
16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
159
FE
26
0
0
0
51
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
77
GE
131
0
0
0
0
0
71
0
4
0
0
0
206
ISS
58
0
64,5
20
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
157,5
LNF
119
0
0
0
96,5
0
0
0
15,5
0
0
0
231
RM1
13
0
28
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
41
RM2
8,5
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
85,5
0
101
Totale
436
0
195
36
174,5
0
78
0
19,5
0
85,5
0
1024,5
• Proposte dettagliate e basate in larga misura
(ove applicabile) su offerte
• Richiesta complessiva inferiore all’anno
precedente
21 Set 2009 / CSN III
JLab12 - E. Cisbani
24
Conclusioni
• JLab ha un programma di upgrade avviato
e finaziato interamente (si pensa già al
futuro prossimo con EIC)
• Offre e continuerà ad offrire una vasta
gamma di opportunità di fisica dal
subnucleare ai processi elettrodeboli
• La collaborazione italiana ha un ruolo
rilevante in diversi campi di indagine di
punta per il laboratorio
21 Set 2009 / CSN III
JLab12 - E. Cisbani
25
Support Slides
SBS Front Tracker Project
BA: Gas system + Electronics (FE chips)
CT: Mechanics + Test + MC + Slow Control + (Ele)
GE: Electronics
ISS/ROME: Prototyping, Test, Digitization + Reconstruction,
Evaluate/Prototype SiD, Coordination
21 Set 2009 / CSN III
JLab12 - E. Cisbani
27
Hall A E-94-107 High Resolution Hypernuclear Spectroscopy
12C(e,e’K)12B
L
e
e’
p
- energy resolution = 650 KeV/c
the best achieved in hyp. prod.
- first clear evidence of core excited
states with high statistical significance
16O(e,e’K)16N
L
K+
L
- separation between 3rd and 4th peak and
narrow
4th peak  very small pL
spin-orbit splitting
- binding energy BL=13.76±0.15 MeV
for the first time with this level of accuracy
understanding of the elementary reaction on proton, poorly
known
10 Jul 2009
JLab12 - ISS & RM / E. Cisbani
28
Results on
16O
target – Hypernuclear Spectrum of
16N
L
[1] O. Hashimoto, H. Tamura,
Part Nucl Phys 57, 564 (2006)
[2]
[1]
[3]
[2] private communication from
D. H. Davis, D. N. Dovee, fit
of data from Phys Lett B 79, 157
(1978)
[3] private communication from
H. Tamura, erratum on Prog
Theor Phys Suppl 117, 1 (1994)
14
13.5
E94-107
13
(Kstop,p-)
(K-,p-)
12.5
Serie1
(p+,K+)
Difference expected with
respect to mirror nucleus:
400 – 500 keV (M.
Sotona)
12
11.5
Comparison with the mirror nucleus 16OL
11
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Paper (re)submitted to
Phys Rev Lett
F. Cusanno, Hyp-X Conference, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan, 15th of September, 2009
PREX
&
Neutron Stars
( C.J. Horowitz, J. Piekarweicz )
R N calibrates EOS of
Neutron Rich Matter
Crust Thickness
Explain Glitches in Pulsar Frequency ?
Combine PREX R N with
Obs. Neutron Star Radii
Phase Transition to “Exotic” Core ?
Strange star ? Quark Star ?
Some Neutron Stars
seem too Cold
Cooling by neutrino emission (URCA)
Crab Pulsar
0.2 fm
Rn  R p 
URCA probable, else not
Atomic Parity Violation
2
• Low Q test of Standard Model
• Needs R N to make further progress.
H PNC 
GF
2 2
  N


 N (r )  Z (1  4 sin 2 W )  P (r )  e/ g 5  e d 3 r
0
APV
Isotope Chain Experiments
e.g. Berkeley Yb
Atomic Parity Violation
2
• Low Q test of Standard Model
• Needs R N to make further progress.
H PNC 
GF
2 2
  N


 N (r )  Z (1  4 sin 2 W )  P (r )  e/ g 5  e d 3 r
0
APV
Isotope Chain Experiments
e.g. Berkeley Yb
Proximity RICH / Preliminary Performance
Transversity Experiment data taking completed in Feb/09
p
K
Mean number of PhotoElectrons for p: NPE ~ 9
Error in angle reconstruction: Jp < 7 mr  np-K ~ 4.5 
10 Jul 2009
JLab12 - ISS & RM / E. Cisbani
35
JLAB Hall A E-94107: Preliminary Results on 9Be target
Red line: Bennhold-Mart (K
MAID)
Counts / 150 keV
Counts / 200 keV
Blue line: Sagay Saclay-Lyon
(SLA)
Theory
(J.are
Millener
and on
M. g.s.
Sotona)
Curves
normalized
peak.
Fit (four peaks)
Energy levels
Energy levels
Missing energy
(MeV)
F. Cusanno, Hyp-X Conference, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan, 15th of September, 2009
Analysis of the 9Be(e,e’K)9LiL
E-07-012 - The Angular Dependence
of 16O(e,e’K)16NL and 1H(e,e’K)L
Complex structure, different
fits can be compared with the
theoretical curve
These data and, especially, the ratio of
HN to the elementary cross section will
give new valuable information on
hypernuclear structure (including spin
assignment of produced hypernuclear
states), reaction mechanisms and,
even possibly the modification of the
dynamics of the (e,e’K+) process in the
nuclear medium.
Parasitic test for E-08-012 Study
of Light Hypernuclei by Pionic
Decay at JLab
10 Jul 2009
JLab12 - ISS & RM / E. Cisbani
37
38
Detector optimisation and calibration completed
first draft paper on Q2 dependence ready; 2 additional papers will follow
10 Jul 2009
JLab12 - ISS & RM / E. Cisbani
39
Nuova strumentazione per sala A
 Gli esperimenti sulla struttura
dei nucleoni TMD (SIDIS) e
FF (scattering elastico)
richiedono un nuovo
spettrometro:
 a larga accettanza
(angolo e momento)
 in grando di supportare
luminosità di 1038 cm-2s-1
SBS in configurazione SIDIS
Prototipo GEM
hallaweb.jlab.org/12GeV/SuperBigBite/
10 Jul 2009
JLab12 - ISS & RM / E. Cisbani
40
Recoil Polarization Method
Modulo GEM
40x50 cm2
• Frame da 8 mm
• Elettronica a 90
gradi rispetto alla
superfice utile su
tutti i lati (richiesta
per piani u/v con
strip diagonali)
• Connettori ZIF
21 Set 2009 / CSN III
JLab12 - E. Cisbani
42