MUST
and
HAVE TO
YOU MUST be quiet in class
YOU MUSTN’T chew gum in class
YOU MUSTN’T eat in class
YOU MUSTN’T cheat in tests
YOU MUSTN’T sleep in class
YOU MUSTN’T sing in class
YOU MUST keep the classroom clean
YOU MUSTN’T write on the walls
YOU MUSTN’T fight
YOU MUSTN’T arrive late
YOU MUSTN’T use your mobile phone
YOU MUST be on time
YOU MUSTN’T run in the corridors
YOU MUSTN’T throw objects out of the window
YOU MUSTN’T talk to classmates in class
YOU MUSTN’T kick the vending machines
YOU MUSTN’T break the windows
YOU MUSTN’T bring pets into school
MUST is a..
MODAL
VERB
Modal verbs:
1) Have only ONE form
2) They are followed by a verb in the base form
I must drive
You must drive
He / She / It must drive
We must drive
You must drive
They must drive
Modal verbs:
3) Don’t need an auxiliary for the negative form
and questions
I must not drive
You must not drive
He / She / It must not drive
We must not drive
You must not drive
They must not drive
I mustn’t drive
You mustn’t drive
He / She / It mustn’t drive
We mustn’t drive
You mustn’t drive
They mustn’t drive
Must I drive?
Must you drive?
Must he / she / it drive?
Must we drive?
Must you drive?
Must they drive?
MUST
also HAVE TO
BUT
= dovere
= dovere
Have to is not a modal verb.
It’s an ordinary verb.
I, you
He, she, it
We, you, they
I, you
He, she, it
We, you, they
Do
Does
Do
have to
has to
have to
go
don’t have to
doesn’t have to
don’t have to
I, you
he, she, it
we, you, they
have to
go
go?
You can also use Have got to
I, you
He, she, it
We, you, they
I, you
He, she, it
We, you, they
Have
Has
Have
have got to
has got to
have got to
go
haven’t got to
hasn’t got to
haven’t got to
go
I, you
he, she, it
we, you, they
got to
go?
Both must and have to (have got to) express:
an OBLIGATION
It’s a fantastic film. You MUST see it.
It’s a fantastic film. You HAVE TO see it.
It’s a fantastic film. You HAVE GOT TO see it.
BUT
I must go to Jane’s party. It is going to be good fun.
Internal obligation.
I can’t go out tonight. I have (got) to finish my homework.
External obligation.
Have a look at these sentences
• Non si deve fumare a scuola.
It’s forbidden
• Non devi alzarti presto la domenica.
• Non devi bere alcolici e guidare.
It’s not necessary
It’s forbidden
• Lavora, quindi non deve chiedere soldi ai genitori.
It’s not necessary
To express a prohibition.....
Non si deve fumare a scuola.
You MUSTN’T smoke at school.
MUSTN’T
Non devi bere alcolici e guidare.
You MUSTN’T drink alcohol and drive.
To express lack of obligation..
DON’T HAVE TO
Non devi alzarti presto la domenica.
You DON’T HAVE TO get up early on Sundays.
Lavora, quindi non deve chiedere soldi ai genitori.
He has got a job, so he DOESN’T HAVE TO ask his parents
for money.
OBLIGATIONS IN THE PAST
There is no past form of must
We use the past form of have to
HAD TO
Examples:
Ieri sono dovuto andare dal dentista.
Yesterday I had to go to the dentist.
Non c’erano autobus. Siamo dovuti andare a casa a piedi.
There were no buses. We had to walk home.
LACK OF OBLIGATION IN THE PAST
DIDN’T HAVE TO
Examples:
Mi sono alzato tardi sabato perché non dovevo andare a lavorare.
I got up late last Saturday because I didn’t have to go to work.
Ieri non ho dovuto studiare perché oggi è vacanza.
Yesterday I didn’t have to study because today is a holiday.
PROHIBITIONS IN THE PAST
There is no past form of mustn’t
COULDN’T
WASN’T / WEREN’T
ALLOWED TO
Examples:
Quando avevi 14 anni non dovevi (o non potevi) uscire la sera.
When you were 14 you couldn’t go out in the evening.
When you were 14 you weren’t allowed to go out in the evening.
Quando ero a scuola non dovevo (o non potevo) arrivare in ritardo.
When I was at school I couldn’t arrive late.
When I was at school I wasn’t allowed to arrive late.